Chapter 23: Fungi

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Chapter 23 Fungi

• Fungus Diversity

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You should be able to

• Identify what fungi are.
• Describe habitats of fungi.
• Outline the structure of fungi.
• Describe fungi reproduction.
• Summarize the evolution of fungi.
• Give an overview of fungi classification.

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What is a Fungus?

• Not a plant!!!
• Heterotroph - No chlorophyll therefore a
• Saprobe feeds on dead or decaying matter
• Eat by absorbing nutrients (decomposer)
• extracellular digestion, - Use hyphae for
  digestion that takes place outside of the body.
• Enzymes that break down nutrients then it is
  absorbed. (plants do not absorb nutrients)

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Nutrition (Gets its food )
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Symbiosis

• - Two organisms live in association together
• Types of Symbiosis
• Mutualism
• Parasitism
• commensalism

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Parasitic Fungus
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- Parasite - live off of living organism Ex.
athletes foot
- extracellular digestion
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What it looks like under skin.
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Ringworm
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Mutualistic Fungus

• Lichens and Mycorrizae

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Lichens

• - mutualism between a fungus and an algae
• - fungus- moisture, algae- food
• - Pioneer- one of first organisms to move into
  an area
• environmentally sensitive

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Mutualism Lichen
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Mycorrhizae

• - mutual relationship between plant roots and
  fungi (90)
• - increase absorption ability of roots
• fungus benefit - nutrients and water

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Structure of Fungus

• Cell wall made out of Chitin
• Hyphae- reproductive filaments
• Mycelium- visible mass of hyphae
• Ex. Mushroom

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Hyphae and a mycelium

• -
• -

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Reproduction of Fungus

• Asexual
• Fragmentation ,budding,
• Produce spores

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Spores
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- Sporangium

• - structure producing spores
• - sexual reproduction
• - 3 types
• - basis of classification

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Adaptations

• - spores- resistant
• - spores carried everywhere
• - huge numbers- puffball trillion spores
• - warm, moist conditions

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Zygote Fungus

• Phylum Zygomygota
• Example Bread Mold
• Spores are made by both asexual and sexual repro.
• Sexual Reproductive structure
• Sporangium
• Distinct structures of
• Rhizoids hyphae that anchor the fungus
• Stolon mycelia that grow along the surface

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Note Rhizoids and Stolons
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You are looking at sporangia contains spores
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Sac Fungi - Ascomycota

• - colorful molds, dutch elm disease, apple scab,
  morels, truffles, yeast, and cup fungi

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- Ascus reproductive structure in sac fungus

• - spore producing sac
• - sexual reproduction

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Club Fungi- Basidiomycota

• - mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, rusts and
• smuts, toadstools

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- Basidia

• - spore producing structures
• - gills, cap, stipe
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• - only sexual reproduction

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Imperfect Fungi

• Asexual reproduction only
• ExamplesPenicillium
• Aspergillus used to make soy sauce and citric
  acid
• Thrush fungal infection of mouth

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Importance of Fungi

• 1. Decomposers
• - recycle dead materials along with bacteria
• 2. Penicillin antibiotic
• 3. rich in vitamin C
• 4. Food source-
• 5. Pest control create competition, parasite to
  insects that eat crops

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