Green Water Treatment Technologies

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CHEMVESOL LTD. FERRATE TECHNOLOGY
Green Water Treatment Technologies
www.chemvesol.hu
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INTRODUCTION Sustainable development is based
on the application of environmentally friendly
technologies and the saving of all resources.
Water, the key element of life is accounted as a
basic resource and therefor its application in
all industrial fields should be well optimized.
Water treatment requires strong expertise and
skills so that the best and most appropriate
technologies will be selected and applied. Water
reuse, application of environmentally friendly
chemicals and methods are key elements in modern
water technologies and our company is strongly
committed to them! Bearing all this in mind, our
knowledge and nearly 20 years work experience
enable us to find and work with best solutions
helping to satisfy our customer needs.

Green Water Treatment Technologies
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The main fields of our activities are industrial
and residential water treatment. Due to the
continuous industrial development more
sophisticated technologies and complex systems
are introduced. The heating, cooling and other
water systems are using smaller cross-section
tubes, heat-exchangers, which are more sensitive
to any fouling, deposits and consequently an
operational failure may easily happen without
paying much attention to proper countermeasures.
Great attention must be paid to the adequate
quality of water in all devices since improper
water quality could easily lead to scaling,
corrosion and bacterial problems. Repairing is a
time-consuming and costly (e.g. production
interruption, system shut down, frost-damages,
accidents, etc...) activity and sometimes it is
really difficult to fully eliminate the
problem. With almost two decades of expertise,
using the highest quality water treatment
chemicals from market leading companies - we are
working to enable your trouble free operation in
the long run. We offer our water treatment
services in a full package (chemistry-dosing/monit
oring-human service). Our priority is
preserving our environment! Accordingly we are
participating in the development of ferrate
technology, a new and environmental friendly
water treatment method! You can read more about
Ferrate-technology on the below
website. www.ferrate.eu In addition we do complex
water analysis and also dealing with education on
issues of water treatment management.  

Green Water Treatment Technologies
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FERRATE TECHNOLOGY
FEATURES BENEFITS

• Environmentally Friendly
• Environmentally friendly and powerful enough to
  meet escalating treatment demands.
• Cost Effective
• Cost-effective to operate and maintain.
• Requires minimal capital investment compared to
  UV or Ozone.
• Treatment Plant Friendly
• Utilizes existing plant infrastructure and plugs
  into existing treatment processes.
• Can be synthesized from commodity feedstocks.
• Highly scalable, modular and easy to retrofit and
  implement.
• Occupies a small footprint beneficial for
  landlocked facilities.
• NSF Certified (Model 100DW)
• The Ferrator has been tested, evaluated, and
  certified in accordance with NSF International
  Standard 61.

Green Water Treatment Technologies
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WHAT IS FERRATE?
Ferrate, FeO42- Ferrate is a supercharged iron
molecule in which iron is in the plus 6 oxidation
state it is better known as Iron(VI). Ferrate
is extremely powerful, can deliver multiple
treatments from a single applicationr, does not
create disinfection by-products, is
environmentally friendly, and solves difficult
treatment challenges that other oxidants cant
touch. Most importantly, Ferrate is often the
least expensive and most effective treatment
option.
A Laboratory Curiosity Until Now Research
scientists have been testing Ferrate for the past
50 years. Previous attempts to commercialize a
Ferrate product were unsuccessful due to high
synthesis, packaging and transport costs, which
made Ferate too expensive for broad industrial
use. FTT solved this problem by patenting a
method to manufacture liquid Ferrate onsite so
that it can be applied when its potency is
highest. More Powerful The relative strength
of water treatment chemicals can be measured in
volts, similar to an electrical circuit.
Scientists compare the reduction oxidation
potential or redox potential for different
compounds which is a gauge of their ability to
gain or donate electrons in a chemical reaction
the higher the redox potential, the more powerful
the reaction. Ferrate is the most powerful
common oxidant/disinfectant for water and
wastewater treatments. Various redox potentials
measured in volts are Ferrate - 2.2, Ozone -
2.08, Hydrogen peroxide - 1.78, Permanganate -
1.68, Hypochlorite - 1.48, Perchlorate - 1.39,
Chlorine - 1.36, Dissolved Oxygen - 1.23,
Chlorine Dioxide - 0.95 (Jiang, 2002). Multiple
Treatments from a Single Dose In a single
application, Ferrate can simultaneously perform
as an oxidant, coagulant, and disinfectant.
Ferrate is more powerful than other oxidants such
as ozone and chlorine dioxide. It can replace
coagulants such as ferric chloride, alum and
polymers for the removal of metals, non-metals
and humic acids. It outperforms other
disinfectants such as UV, hydrogen peroxide, and
chlorine and can kill many chlorine resistant
organisms such as aerobic spore-formers and
sulphite-reducing clostridia. Ferrate is a
versatile, powerful, multi-use water and
wastewater treatment technology. Synthesized
Using Common Chemical Feedstocks Ferrate is
synthesized at the point of use in a patented
device called a Ferrator using caustic, sodium
or calcium hypochlorite, and ferric chloride.

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No Disinfection By-products Ferrate redeploys
the power of chlorine for water treatment without
producing disinfection by-products. Chlorination
in the presence of organics creates carcinogenic
disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as
trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids
(HAAs). Ozone reacts with naturally occurring
bromine to form bromates, also a human
carcinogen. Switching to Ferrate from chlorine,
chlorine dioxide, or ozone, precludes the
formation of DBPs. Environmentally Friendly
Ferrate is powerful, fast acting, works in small
doses, and the final product of Ferrate treatment
is ferric hydroxide, Iron(III), a non-toxic,
environmentally benign compound. The
environmental benefits of Ferrate were
demonstrated during a pilot test in Pennsylvania.
The primary test objective was disinfection with
neither a chlorine residual nor THM formation.
The regulatory fecal coliform limit of 200
CFU/100ml was easily achieved with a Ferrate dose
of 2 ppm. At the same time, freshwater aquatic
toxicity tests for Daphnia showed no observable
effects when exposed to 100 effluent through
three reproductive life cycles residual chlorine
and THMs were non-detect or at trace levels in
the effluent. Unique Treatment Benefits
Ferrate has been demonstrated to treat
antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, and personal
care products that end up in sewers and pass
through municipal treatment plants. Low doses of
Ferrate have been shown to inactivate those EDCs
and PPCPs. As a simultaneous oxidant,
disinfectant and coagulant, one dose of Ferrate
has been demonstrated to treat drinking water in
Florida with color, odor, taste and residual DBP
problems by simultaneously oxidizing H2S to SO4,
oxidizing and co-precipitating the color-causing
organics, and precluding the formation of THMs
and HAAs caused by prechlorination. Ferrate has
also been shown to disinfect highly colored or
turbid waters that UV light cannot penetrate,
making it ideal for the restoration of wetlands
as a water reuse application. In wetlands
restoration, Ferrates iron residual is an
essential micronutrient for healthy plant
growth. Solves Difficult Biosolids Treatment
Challenges Ferrate has been proven to be a key
ingredient in a new biosolids-to-fertilizer
process. It disinfects and stabilizes biosolids
to inhibit putrefaction, destroys odors, and adds
iron as a vital micronutrient. Ferrate also helps
bind phosphorus and nitrogen to the organic
matter to create a slow-release fertilizer,
which prolongs its availability, increases uptake
in the root zone, and reduces nutrient runoff
into local streams and rivers. Least Expensive
Green Technology Ferrate is a truly unique
compound that offers an economical and
environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional water and wastewater treatment
technologies. For many applications, the capital
equipment cost and aggregate operating expenses
associated with Ferrate are appreciably less than
other methods of treatment. Ferrate synthesis
uses commodity chemicals already found in most
water and wastewater treatment plants, and a
Ferrate treatment system utilizes less real
estate and consumes less energy. In terms of its
impact on the environment, Ferrate is a genuinely
green technology that is both effective and
affordable.

Green Water Treatment Technologies
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Arsenic removal from drinking water using ferrate
technology

• Drinking water regulation for waters released to
  the network prescribe an arsenic level lower than
  10 ppb. In Hungary alone, over 1.5 million
  inhabitants have potable water exceeding the
  above standard. This problem mostly occur in the
  eastern part of the country where well water is
  the source for drinking water supply. It is worth
  mentioning that besides arsenic, other
  contaminants (eg. Fe, Mn, NH3, CH4, iodine, and
  phosphate) are also often found to be over the
  limits. The water works serving these areas are
  varying in capacity between 30-50 m3/day to 10-20
  000 m3/day. The reduction of higher arsenic
  levels cannot be secured with the existing
  technologies.
• There are several methods available for As
  reduction. We have developed a unique technology
  based on ferrate that not only reduces arsenic
  levels well bellow 10 ppb, but it also offers an
  excellent solution for other problems. The
  technology is easily scalable from smaller to
  bigger capacity and can be placed in a container.
  Our method is absolutely flexible that enables it
  to be adjusted to very different water qualities!
• Laboratory and pilot test results
• We have tested 2 different water qualities from
  the eastern part of the country and 1 from the
  western region, all having arsenic levels higher
  than 10 ppb and having high levels of other
  pollutants as well.
• The results are summarized in the following table
  and the conclusions can be drawn as follows
• Arsenic levels higher than 200 µg/l can be safely
  reduced bellow 10 ppb!
• Other contaminants like iron, manganese, ammonia,
  methane, iodine and phosphate can be also
  effectively and safely reduced bellow limits.
• Ferrate has a capability to kill microorganisms
  very effectively, even chlorine resistent
  bacteria are killed as demonstrated in several
  papers.

Green Water Treatment Technologies
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Arsenic removal from drinking water using ferrate
technology
Water quality Limits Sample I. Sample I. Sample II. Sample II. Sample III Sample III
Parameters Original Ferrate treated (20 ppm) Original Ferrate treated (3 ppm) Original Ferratetreated (3 ppm)
Fe (µg/l) 200 199 35,9 628 56,8 154 55,6
Mn (µg/l) 50 35 11,3 126 5,6 52 lt 5
As (µg/l) 10 229 2,97 25,2 4,03 13,5 lt 1
B (mg/l) 1 1,33 1,13 0,57 0,51 lt 0,01 lt 0,01
KOI (mg/l) 5 5 1,5 3,5 1,4 1,6 1,1
NH4 (mg/l) 0,5 0,56 0,07 1,34 1,16 0,12 0,03
pH 6,5-9,5 8,42 8,59 7,98 8,66 7,84 8,6
I- (µg/l) 1500 134 lt10 1728 183 30 15
F- (mg/l) 1,5 0,017 lt0,01 - - 0,124 0,09
Br- (mg/l) 1 0,392 0,204 0,211 0,077 76 lt 10
Cl- (mg/l) 250 18 42 15 18 8 16,2
NO2- (mg/l) 0,5 lt0,01 0,03 lt0,01 0,17 lt 0,01 lt 0,01
NO3- (mg/l) 50 lt1 1,43 lt1 lt1 lt 0,1 lt 0,1
PO43- (mg/l) - 4,9 lt0,01 1,82 0,15 0,19 0,05
SO42- (mg/l) 250 lt5 29 lt5 6 16 29
CH4 (l/m3) 0,8 0,96 0 - - - -
Hardness. (CaO mg/l) 50-350 38 45 99 82 - -
Conductivity (µS/cm) 2500 (µS/cm) 880 1830 1250 1680 637 866
Ca (mg/l) - 14,7 23 38,7 32,5 55,4 51
K (mg/l) - 0,75 0,7 1,74 1,41 2,68 3
Mg (mg/l) - 7,63 5,69 19,2 15,5 44,9 41
Na (µg/l) 200 303 294 245 253 51,2 102
Mikrobiology(22oC, cfu/ml)) 100/ml - - 30630 0 - -
E. Coli (/100 ml) 0/ml - - 9180 0 - -
Ps. Aeruginosa (/100 ml) 0/ml - - 5545 0 - -
Green Water Treatment Technologies
www.chemvesol.hu kkkk.elte.hu
www.kortekft.hu
9
Arsenic removal from drinking water using ferrate
technology
Technology flow scheme The process has two main
parts (reactors and separation units) and it can
be safely operated in winter as well. It has an
automatic control in order to minimize the manual
work requirements. Most important water
parameters can be followed on-line. Our system is
very flexible and with varying the operating
parameters (dosing rates and other parameters)
making it capable to work with different water
qualities.
Green Water Treatment Technologies
www.chemvesol.hu kkkk.elte.hu
www.kortekft.hu
10
Industrial water reuse using ferrate technology
Water plays an important role in almost all
industrial areas. Material, heat
transport/exchange processes are applying water
everywhere and steam is used in technological
processes as well as in energy production. Used
water, called waste water is then treated
according to authority regulations and finally
released back to the environment, most often to
surface waters. With the increasing demand for
clean water resources and the limit for its
availability is dramatically increasing the value
of water, therefore the need for developing new,
innovative methods for water recycling is also
more and more important. Our new technology
based on ferrate is using industrial waste water
(biological treatment effluent) and serves as
feed water for technological processes or even
boiler water make-up! Ferrate is an ideal tool
for a chemical pre-treatment process that gives
excellent water quality for further processes
like desalination steps with membrane
technology. Ferrate is the key compound that
reduces COD, phosphate, ammonia levels of waste
water and killing all microorganisms
eliminating all problematic compounds for
membrane technology. The Fe(III) containing
sludge is containing phosphorous and nitrogen
compounds in optimal forms, that enable a slow
release of these substances in agricultural
applications (as fertilizer). We have
optimized our process at our potential first
customers on-site and the technology is ready for
launch. There is high demand for such recycling
methods everywhere, but especially in countries
where fresh water resources are limited.
Green Water Treatment Technologies
www.chemvesol.hu kkkk.elte.hu
www.kortekft.hu
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Industrial water reuse using ferrate technology
Concept of the method
Optimizing and improving biological treatment
process Chemical pretreatment, oxidizing
(ferrate) Disinfection, oxidizing
(ferrate) Filtration, desalanition (membrane
technology)
Green Water Treatment Technologies
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Industrial water reuse using ferrate technology
Results of treatment process
SBR effluent
Chemical pretreatment I.
Chemical pretreatment II.
RO permeate
Green Water Treatment Technologies
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Industrial water reuse using ferrate technology
Results of treatment process
COD PO4 Conductivity pH NH4
SBR effluent 120 mg/l 15 mg/l 4000 µS/cm 8,2 10 mg/l
Treated water lt 1 mg/l lt 0,1 mg/l lt 10 µS/cm 7,5 lt 0,1 mg/l



Green Water Treatment Technologies
www.chemvesol.hu kkkk.elte.hu
www.kortekft.hu