Organisation

1
Unit 8

• Organisation

2
Teaching Learning Objectives

• To enable Ss to talk about a personal status in
  an organization
• To understand company structures and efficient
  organizational structures
• To comprehend efficient approaches to working
  with innovation by reading
• To appreciate the importance of organizational
  management by listening to A new office complex
• To cultivate Ss ability in introductions,
  socializing and leaving-talking
• To enhance practice skills in management
  structure, office layout and working conditions

3
Overview

• Vocabulary Company structure
• Reading New ways of working
• Language review Noun combinations
• Listening A new office complex
• Skills Introductions, socialising and
  leaving-talking
• Case study Faredeal Travel Agency

4
Warmer
UNO OPEC UNESCO WHO NATO ITO NGO FAO

• What do
• these
• abbreviations
• stand for?

5
Warmer
UNO United Nations Organization OPECOrganisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries UNESCOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation WHOWorld Health Organisation NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation ITOInternational Trade Organisation NGONon-Governmental Organisation FAOFood and Agriculture Organisation
6
Look at the following diagrams. What kind of
company structure do you think each one
represents?
Large established company -Hierarchical pyramid
structure
Small company - Flat management structure
Flexible company with project-based teams
7
Company Structure

• Most companies are made up of three groups of
  people the shareholders (who provide the
  capital), the management and the workforce.
• The management structure of a typical company is
  shown in this organization chart.

8

A sample of an organization chart
9
Company Structure

• At the top of the company hierarchy is the Board
  of Directors, headed by the Chairperson or
  President.
• The Board is responsible for policy decisions and
  strategy. It will usually appoint a Managing
  Director(???)or Chief Executive Officer(?????),
  who has overall responsibility for the running of
  the business.

10
Company Structure

• Senior managers(????)or company
  officers(????)head the various departments or
  functions within the company, which may include
  the following
• Production
• Marketing
• Finance
• Public Relations or PR
• Information Technology or IT
• Research and Development or R and D
• Personnel or Human Resources

11
Functional Areas Within the Business
There are many tasks every business needs to do
if it is going to succeed. Each of these tasks is
described as being a function of a business. The
following is a brief introduction to each of
these functions

• human resources - ensures the business has the
  best staff for the job and that they are able to
  work effectively in a safe environment
• finance - will keep a record of all money coming
  in and going out of the business. They have
  responsibility for securing finances for future
  expansion and paying staff and suppliers

12
Functional Areas Within the Business

• administration and ICT support - ensure the
  smooth running of the business on a day-to-day
  basis. They have responsibility for clerical
  duties, cleaning, computer and software support,
  security and health and safety
• operations - have the task of producing the goods
  or service in the most efficient way. This is
  done by making best use of the businesss staff,
  machinery, building and raw materials
• marketing and sales - will try and maximize the
  level of sales by carrying out market research
  and promoting the goods or service through a
  motivated sales team

13
Functional Areas Within the Business

• customer service - will help the customer before
  and after a sale has been made by providing
  information, giving advice, providing credit
  facilities, delivering goods and providing
  after-sales support
• research and development - will help the business
  remain competitive by developing new goods and
  services and updating the existing ones
• Use of ICT - ICT will be used in each of these
  functional areas and it should assist the
  business in achieving its aims and objectives.

14
A sole trader who works on his own will be
responsible for all of these functional areas.
The diagram below shows how a one-person business
has to control all of the functional areas.
15
Larger businesses may have its own department
with a specialised manager. The diagram below
shows how a large business is able to have
separate departments each with a specialized
manager.
16
Starting up
? a reserved parking space ? an office with a window ? a uniform ? a personal business card ? your own office ? a company car ? your name on your door ? having a secretary ? taking holidays when you like ? the size of your desk ? having more than one seat in your office ? flying business class ? a company credit card ? having to clock in when you arrive

• How
• important
• is each
• of the
• following
• showing
• a persons
• status
• in an
• organisation?

17
Vocabulary Company structure

• Read the three descriptions of company
• structures. Then answer the questions.

Sole trader One person sets up and runs the company. The person provides all the capital and has unlimited liability for business debts, even if this means selling personal assets.
18
Vocabulary Company structure

• Read the three descriptions of company
• structures. Then answer the questions.

Limited company In a limited company (AmE corporation), the capital is divided into shares, which are held by shareholders. Shareholders have limited liability, but they can vote at the Annual General Meeting to elect the Board of Directors. There are two types of limited company 1. In a private limited company, all shareholders must agree before any shares can be bought or sold. 2. In a public limited company, shares are bought and sold freely, for example on the stock exchange.
19
Vocabulary Company structure

• Read the three descriptions of company
• structures. Then answer the questions.

Partnership A group of people provide the capital, set up the company and manage it together. There are two types of partnership 1. Partners in an unlimited partnership are like sole tradersif the business fails they are fully liable for all debts, and may even have to sell personal assets. 2. In a limited partnership there can be sleeping partners who do not participate in the management of the company. Sleeping partners have limited liabilityin the event of bankruptcy, they only lose their investment, not their personal assets.
20
Vocabulary Company structure

• 1. What are most peoples main personal assets?
• House/building, land, investments, money,
  equipment, vehicles.
• 2. How can a sole trader get the capital to set
  up a business? Think of five methods.
• Save personal capital, acquire personal
  capital (redundancy money/inheritance/lottery
  win), new mortgage, venture capital (money
  invested in a business for development or
  expansion by a third party as a commercial
  undertaking), bank loan, take on a partner.
• 3. If a limited company has 5,000 shares and each
  share is worth ?2.50,what is the capital of the
  company?
• ?12,500.

21
Vocabulary Company structure

• 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
  being a sleeping partner?
• Advantages Sleeping partners have no
  obligations in the running of the company but are
  entitled to a share of the profits and their
  liability in respect of the company is limited to
  the amount of their investment.
• Disadvantages They forego the use of their
  capital and they have no say in the running,
  hence profitability, of the company.
• 5. What is the difference between a sleeping
  partner and a shareholder?
• A sleeping partner provides capital for a
  partnership a shareholder provides capital for a
  limited company.

22
Vocabulary Company structure

• 6. If a private limited company goes bankrupt, do
  the shareholders lose their personal assets? Why?
• No, because the risk limited to loss of
  original investment.
• 7. What must you do to sell your shares in a
  private limited company?
• Secure the consent of fellow shareholders.
• 8. What are the advantages of a public limited
  company?
• Limited liability very large amounts of
  capital can be raised shares are freely
  transferable death of shareholders does not
  affect the firm the business is a legal entity.

23
Vocabulary Company structure

• B. Make common business expressions with the
  words in the table.

annual company exchange meeting private stock assets unlimited general of public trader board debts liability partner sleeping business directors limited personal sole
24
Vocabulary Company structure
Annual general meeting Personal assets Board of directors Public limited company Private limited company Unlimited liability Business debts Stock exchange Sleeping partner Sole trader Business partner Company directors Board meeting Personal liability
25
Vocabulary Company structure

• C. Which of the words below can describe
• a) good qualities of an organisation?
• b) bad qualities of an organisation?

professional impersonal cold caring disciplined democratic decentralised paternal hierarchical welcoming centralised slow-to-respond flat market-driven bureaucratic
26
Vocabulary Company structure

• Good qualities of an organisation
• professional, democratic, caring, disciplined,
  welcoming, market-driven
• Bad qualities of an organisation
• cold, impersonal, paternal, slow-to-respond,
  bureaucratic
• Debate centtralised/decentralised,
  flat/hierarchical

27
Reading New ways of working
? singing at meetings ? dressing in strange clothes at meetings ? having no individual offices ? having no dress code ? unisex toilets ? organising company holidays ? encouraging managers to invite staff home for dinner ? buying birthday presents for staff ? keeping small animals and birds at head office ? supplying flowers regularly for all offices

• A.
• What
• do you
• think of
• the following
• ideas? Crazy or
• good for
• motivating staff?

28
Reading New ways of working

• B. Read the article Pioneer preaches flexibility
  while her firm cleans up. Which ideas are used
  by the Finnish company, SOL?

? singing at meetings ? dressing in strange clothes at meetings ? having no individual offices ? keeping small animals and birds at head office
29
Reading New ways of working

• C. Complete the information file on Liisa Joronen
  and her company, SOL.

SOL cleaning company Location Finland Number of staff3,500 Number of branches 25 Logo a sun with a curved line turning it into a smile Working conditions/practices Staff sit anywherethere are no individual offices or desks, but there is a communal area similar to social club no staff hierarchystaff work as a team, Japanese-style motivation sessions.
30
Reading New ways of working

• C. Complete the information file on Liisa Joronen
  and her company, SOL.

Liisa Joronen Age 50 Positionowner of SOL Physical appearance slim, brunette Personality charismatic Leadership ideas/style People motivation and strict auditing of targets Public image revolutionary or crazy
31
Reading New ways of working
fun-loving competitive ambitious responsible animal-loving shy punctual independent flexible creative

• D.
• Which of these adjectives describe the type of
  work SOL likes to employ?

32
Reading New ways of working

• E. Which word is similar in meaning to the
  underlined word?
• 1. Smart in yellow uniforms, staff rush about
  in Finlands 60 million-a-year SOL cleaning
  company.
• a) intelligent b) colourful
  c) well-dressed
• 2. SOLs owner, Liisa Joronen, a slim,
  charismatic brunette of 50
• a) powerful b) charming c)
  inspiring
• 3. This most extrovert of Scandinavian
  business leaders sometimes dresses as a sunflower
  
• a) lively b) quiet
  c) creative

1. c2. c3. a
33
Reading New ways of working

• E. Which word is similar in meaning to the
  underlined word?
• 4. Peoples creativeness is restricted by
  routine and traditional office hours.
• a) developed b) destroyed
  c) limited
• 5. Liisa has abolished territorial space, such
  as individual offices and desks.
• a) increased b) stopped
  c) reduced
• 6. One headquarters worker, keen to go to
  midweek tango classes, was switching tasks with a
  colleague.
• a) changing b) planning
  c) sharing

4. c5. b6. a
34
Reading New ways of working

• F. Discuss these questions.
• 1. Would you like to work in a company like SOL?
• 2. If you are the owner of a company, which of
  Liisa Joronens ideas would you like to introduce
  into your own company or organisation?
• Which would you not like to introduce? Why?

35
Language review Noun combinations

• Two or more nouns can be combined in several
  ways.
• 1.s possessives We use s to express a
  relationship between a person or organisation and
  another person or thing.
• Mr Blakes secretary her husbands car
• 2. one noun used as adjective When two nouns
  are used together, the first noun functions as an
  adjective and describe the second noun.
• a business card
• a company credit card ( a credit card issued
  by a company)

36
Language review Noun combinations

• 3. phrases with of Two nouns are joined by of
  when the ideas are more abstract.
• the cost of living the joy of working
  and lifelong learning
• 4. compound nouns forming one word Some
  compound nouns are written as one word.
• database answerphone letterhead
  headquarters
• 5. nouns used as numerical adjectives are
  singular When compound nouns are used with a
  number in expressions of measurement, the first
  noun is singular.
• a six-lane motorway a five-star hotel

37
Listening A new office complex

• B. Listen to the first part of an interview with
  Chris Byron, the Project Manager for British
  Airways new office complex at waterside, and
  make notes. Then answer the questions.

38
Listening A new office complex

• 1. What were Chris Byrons three main objectives
  concerning Waterside?
• To make sure the building was built on time
  and within budget, and to make sure the move was
  smooth and successful.
• 2. What three special features of Waterside does
  he mention?
• An open-plan design aimed at encouraging
  staff interaction reduced paperwork through
  extended use of electronic communication and
  record-keeping flexible working practices.

39
Listening A new office complex

• C. Listen to the second part of the interview and
  answer the questions.
• 1. What does Chris mean by the term flexible
  working? Give examples.
• hot-desking home working a building
  layout which features dedicated spaces for
  specific tasks and needs rather than for specific
  individuals.

40
Listening A new office complex

• 2. Which of the facilities below are provided at
  Waterside for employees?
• open-learning education excellent
  meals
• a supermarket in the building free
  videos
• electronic shopping
  company cars
• 3. Why were there so few problems when staff
  moved to Waterside?
• The move was thought through very carefully
  and planned very thoroughly the people involved
  were trained very well and kept fully informed
  about everything that was happening.

41
Listening A new office complex

• D. Discuss these questions.
• 1. How will Waterside help to improve efficiency
  and profitability?
• 2. What other facilities could Waterside provide
  for BA employees?
• 3. Would you like to work at Waterside? Give your
  reasons.

42
Skills Introductions, socializing and
leave-taking
Useful Language Introductions Yves, this is Jim. Bernie, do you know Patrice? Anne, have you met Maria? Can I introduce you to Mark Barnard, our Finance Director? Id like you to meet Are you Ms Valdez by any chance? You must be Larry Koplan. Responding Nice/Glad to meet you. Its a pleasure. Pleased to meet you too.
43
Skills Introductions, socializing and
leave-taking
Useful Language Mentioning common interests I think you both know Iwona. I think you both like skiing. I think you are both interested in the new project. I know you have both been to Brazil. I know you have both worked in R D. Leaving Well, I really must be going. Anyway, Ill see you again. Hope to see you again soon. It was nice meeting you. It was good to see you again.
44
Skills Introductions, socializing and
leave-taking
A. Match the beginnings of the sentences
with the endings.
1. I work in the 2. Im a 3. Im responsible for 4. My job involves 5. I spend a lot of time 6. In the future, I hope to
a) a lot of overseas travel. b) design department. c) work abroad. d) research chemist e) credit control f) visiting suppliers.
Key 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. a 5. f 6. c
45
Skills Introductions, socializing and
leave-taking

• B. Fill in the missing letters.

provide sell 1. We produce car parts. supply distribute
branches partners 2. We have contacts in Asia. agents factories
46
Skills Introductions, socializing and
leave-taking
C. Match the beginnings of the sentences
with the endings.
1. The company was founded 2. There are 3. Its organised 4. Our main competitors are
a) in three divisions. b) multinational food companies. c) in 1992. d) 200 people working here.
Key 1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b
47
Skills Introductions, socializing and
leave-taking

• D. Roleplay
• Work in group of three. Two of you work for
  the same company. One of you is a visitor.
  Practise making introductions. Ask about each
  other and each others company. Then finish the
  conversation.

48
Case study Faredeal Travel Agency
Background
Name Faredeal Travel Agency
Base City of London
Founders Claudia and Manual Ortega
Size One of the largest travel agencies in the City
Plans To open branch offices in Birmingham and Edinburgh
Main business Corporate business
Consultants recommendations Reorganisation focused on three main areas the management structure, office layout, working conditions
49
Case study Faredeal Travel Agency
Task Faredeals directors have created work group to consider the reorganisation. Ss are divided into groups of six, then into pairs within each group and allocate one of the three areas under consideration. Stage one Pairwork. Discuss what action to recommend for one of the three problem areas management structure, office layour, working conditions. Stage two Groupwork. Form groups of three. Discuss your recommendations for all three problem areas and decide how to reorganise the company. Then compare the decisions made in each group.
50
Case study Faredeal Travel Agency

• Writing
• The General Manager has invited members of
  staff to send him a short, informal report on how
  to reorganise the company. As a member of staff,
  write the report.

51
Structure for a Short Report

• Title
• Introduction
• Findings
• Conclusions
• Recommendations

52
Explain the following terms.

• Sole trader
• Limited company
• Partnership
• Hot-desking Rotate mobile people among work
  stations by placing more than one person at a
  single desk
• Flexitime