B-Factory Operations and Plans

1
B-Factory Operations and Plans

• John T. Seeman
• Assistant Director of the Technical Division
• Head of the Accelerator Department
• DOE PEP-II Operations Review
• June 15, 2004

2
Topics

• Mission
• Operations Organization and Planning
• The PEP-II Collider
• Risks
• PEP-II Future Upgrades
• Safety and Reliability
• Conclusions

3
SLACs Mission

• To provide a respectful and safe environment to
  promote research.
• To operate, maintain and upgrade all SLAC
  accelerator systems to maximize their high energy
  physics output.
• To develop the conceptual framework and
  technology needed for the next generation of
  accelerators and to advance the science of
  accelerator physics.
• To manage the construction and commissioning of
  new accelerator systems.
• To contribute to the development of the
  technology needed for the next generation of
  detectors.
• To provide Laboratory support and services in the
  areas of our scientific engineering and technical
  expertise.
• To perform the research and development necessary
  to accomplish our mission effectively.

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Accelerator Department Organization
6
Other TD Departments contributing to PEP-II

• Mechanical Design
• Mechanical Fabrication (MFD)
• Electronics and Software Engineering (ESD)
• Power supplies, diagnostics, RF and controls
• Metrology
• Alignment and magnetic measurements
• Site Engineering and Maintenance (SEM)
• Power, water and buildings
• Advanced Computation (ACD)
• Wakefield and HOM calculations
• Klystron
• Klystron production and RF
• Accelerator Research A (ARDA)
• Accelerator theory and bunch feedback

7
Current Accelerator Program

• The PEP-II B-Factory provides high energy physics
  data to the BaBar detector running about 10
  months per year.
• Upgrade plan is to increase the peak luminosity
  by a factor of about 2.6 over the next few years.
• Linac beams are provided to other programs using
  linac pulses not used by PEP-II injection.
• The linac runs at 30 Hz. PEP-II uses, on average,
  only about 10 to 15 Hz.

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Beam Lines
9
PEP-II ee- Collider
BaBar Detector

• Use the SLAC linac as upgraded for the SLC for
  the injector.

LER RF 476 MHz
HER RF 476 MHz
Feedbacks Diagnostics
3.1 GeV positrons x 9 GeV electrons
C 2200 m
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The PEP-II ee- asymmetric collider
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PEP-II Interaction Region Components near BaBar
LER
HER
BaBar
Collision point
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Contributors to PEP-II

• SLAC
• LBNL
• LLNL
• With help from
• IHEP, Beijing, China
• BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia
• INFN, Frascati, Italy
• CEA, Saclay, France
• IN2P3, Paris, France
• Caltech
• BNL
• Many people from the BaBar Collaboration
• Visitors from CERN, DESY, Cornell, FNAL, KEK,

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Internal PEP-II Reviews and Meetings

• Daily (seven days) 800 am Program meeting
• Daily (seven days) 815 am BaBar/PEP-II meeting
• Five days/week Maintenance meetings (815 am)
• Twice/week PEP-II Group meetings
• Weekly Tech Division Construction Project reviews
• Weekly PEP-II / BaBar Strategy Meeting
• Semi-monthly PEP-II Evaluation Meeting with Upper
  SLAC Management
• Weekly Shut-Down Planning meetings starting three
  months before the down, continuing during the
  down.
• PEP-II End of Run Lessons Learned Briefings
• PEP-II Workshops on Performance
• 1) December 15-16, 1999
• 2) December 6-7, 2000
• 3) January 30-February 1, 2002

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External PEP-II Reviews

• Annual DOE Site Visits
• Annual DOE Program Reviews
• Semi-annual Scientific Policy Committee
• Semi-annual Experimental Physics Advisory
  Committee
• Semi-annual BaBar International Finance Committee
• Quarterly BaBar Collaboration meetings
• PEP-II Machine Advisory Committee
• 1) Jan 4-6, 1995
• 2) August 24-25, 1995
• 3) April 11-13, 1996
• 4) January 6-8, 1997
• 5) November 10-13, 1997
• 6) December 14-16, 1998
• 7) October 9-11, 2003
• 8) April 15-17, 2004
• 9) December 13-15, 2004 (planned)

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Continuous Injection (Trickle Charge) Both Beams
Luminosity
LER I
HER I-
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Peak luminosity of 9.21 x 1033
Record Peak Luminosity
17
Daily Integration Record
710/pb
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Examples of PEP-II Performance Measures
19

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gt90/fb!
Actual delivered luminosity 90 fb-1
Actual delivered luminosity
Goal set in July 2003
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Overall Parameters and Goals
Parameter Units Design Best in collision Future 2007 goal
I mA 2140 2450 4500
I- mA 750 1550 2200
Number bunches 1658 1588 1720
by cm 15-20 11 8
xy 0.03 0.05, 0.07 0.055-0.08
Luminosity x1033 3.0 9.21 24
Integrated lumi / day pb-1 130 710 1800
Twice design!
Over five times design!
Over three times design
22
PEP-II Risks

• Items which could cause prolonged downs or
  sustained reduced luminosity for PEP-II
• AC power costs (See G. Loews talk) (1 month)
• Many PEP-II klystrons (total 11 klystrons now and
  adding 4 more) are reaching 30k hours (10 loss
  in luminosity per lost klystron, 1 year to build,
  600 k each, 4 in production now, start 2 more?)
• Support tube vacuum chambers (Be-bellows, B1R,
  B1L, Q1R and Q1L, 7 month down w/o spare, 4
  month with spare, B1Q1 spares sum to 2000 k.)
• HER and LER Chopper Bulk Power Supplies (1
  month, new 1000 k)
• Injection septa for HER and LER (1 month, spare
  parts for 200 k)
• Shortage of Physics (Engineering) staff for
  Machine Development delays luminosity growth rate
  (44 accelerator shift takers in 1999, 12 in June
  2004. The 12 are also involved with upgrade
  designs)

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PEP-II Staffing Issues

• The operation of PEP-II is thin (lean) on support
  staff due to staff reductions from past reduced
  budgets. (We do still try very
  hard!)
• Experimental Accelerator Physicists are down by
  40. (5 people would be very
  helpful)
• Area Technical Managers down by 33. (2 would
  help)
• PEP-II Mechanical Engineers were down by 40 but
  has recovered by 25. (Thanks SPEAR-3!) (2 would
  help)
• RF Engineers/physicists were down by 50 but
  recovered by 25. (2 would help)
• Electrical Engineers are down by 30. (3 would
  help)
• Vacuum, Mechanical, and Electrical Technicians
  are down by about 20. (10 to 20 would help)
• Accelerator Operator numbers steady. (Good!)
• Part-time outside help has gone up substantially!
  (NLC, BaBar, LBNL, SPEAR, Universities) (Many
  thanks!)

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PEP-II Long Range Beam Parameters Goals

• April 2004 2.5A x 1.5 A by11 mm 1555 bunches
  L9.2E33
• July 2004 2.6A x 1.6 A by10 mm 1600 bunches
  L10E33
• June 2005 3.3A x 1.8 A by9 mm 1700 bunches
  L15E33
• July 2006 3.9A x 2.0 A by8 mm 1720 bunches
  L20E33
• July 2007 4.5A x 2.2 A by8 mm 1720 bunches
  L24E33
• Directors goals
• With good integration reliability and trickle
  injection
• 115 fb-1 more integrated from Summer 2003 to
  Summer 2004.
• 530 fb-1 total integrated by Fall 2006.
• About 1.7 to 2.0 ab-1 integrated by Fall 2010.

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Future luminosity increase factors
Parameter Present Future Luminosity gain ratio Hardware and work needed
LER current 2450 mA 4500 mA Two RF stations, new vacuum chambers
HER current 1550 mA 2200 mA 1.61 Two RF stations, new vacuum chambers
by 11 mm 8 mm 1.38 HER higher tunes, RF power supplies work
xy 0.068 L 0.045 H 0.079 L 0.053 H 1.16 Tune plane, coupling, IR work
Parasitic Dx 3.22 mm 3.80 mm 1.08 B1 magnet change
Total x 2.78
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PEP-II Future Luminosity Parameters
bx by ex ey n I sx sy Lumi xx xy
Units cm mm nm nm mA microns microns x1E33
LER now 43 11 30 1.3 1588 2450 114 3.8 9.21 0.065 0.069
LER 2007 28 8 60 1.35 1715 4500 130 3.3 24.0 0.071 0.078
HER now 33 11 60 1.4 1588 1450 141 3.9 9.21 0.045 0.045
HER 2007 28 8 60 1.4 1715 2200 130 3.3 24.0 0.050 0.056
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PEP-II Bunch Length Factors
I RF stations Number cavities Total Volts Je Alpha ns sz natural Bunch lenth-ening sz final
Units mA MV mm mm
LER now 2400 3 6 3.8 2.0 0.00123 0.0286 11.0 1.08 11.9
LER 2006 4500 5 10 7.7 2.0 0.00123 0.0407 7.7 1.16 9.0
HER now 1400 8 26 15.8 2.0 0.00241 0.0482 11.1 1.05 11.6
HER 2006 2200 10 26 18.7 2.2 0.00170 0.0441 8.1 1.10 9.0
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AIP Upgrades for SLAC Lehman Base 2 June 2004
Fiscal Year PEP-II Radio-Frequency RF System PEP-II Vacuum System PEP-II Magnet, PS, Instruments, Feedback Linac, DR, Gun, BSY, FFTB, PPS Total (k)
2003 2234 300 766 0 3300
2004 2948 1396 2356 100 6800
2005 3248 1980 772 0 6000
2006 3332 1413 1255 0 6000
2007 1813 2537 1365 285 6000
2008 1087 500 500 3913 6000
2009 0 0 0 6000 6000
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Expected PEP-II Delivered Integrated Luminosity
Delivered as of end of fiscal year SLAC Field Task Proposal SLAC Lehman 2 Base
FY2004 253/fb 253/fb
FY2005 392 392
FY2006 545 534
FY2007 855 802
FY2008 1216 1130
FY2009 1577 1462
FY2010 1939 1795
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Over all PEP-II Down Schedule 2004-2010

• 2004 down August 1 to October 15 for BaBar IFR.
• 2005 down July 1 to December 31 for BaBar IFR
  and PEP-II support tube.
• 2006 down August-September.
• 2007 down August-September.
• 2008 down August-September.
• 2009 down August-September.
• Every downtime is planned in great detail.

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Citizen Committees and Subject Matter Experts

• Safety Overview
• Radiation Safety
• Non-Ionizing Radiation Safety
• Hazardous Experimental Equipment
• ALARA
• Electrical Safety
• Earthquake Safety
• Fire Protection Safety
• Hoisting and Rigging Safety
• Environmental Safety

• Radiation Safety Officer
• Laser Safety Officer
• Electrical Safety Officer
• Fire Marshal
• Crane Inspector
• ESH Environmental Protection Department
• ESH OSHA Experts
• ESH Industrial Hygienists
• Emergency Management Coordinator

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Documentation Hierarchy
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Accelerator Department Safety and Operations
Documents

• Accelerator Operations BAS Key and Lock
  Procedures Hot Sheet
• Accelerator Operations BAS Instructions Incident
  Response Procedures
• Alarm Response Procedures Laser Safety
  Procedures
• Arcs PPS Log Linac etc Building Emergency Plan
• Beam Containment System Procedures Linac PPS Log
• BSOIC Certification Checklists Logging
  Requirement for Work
• BSY PPS Log MCC Building Manager Checklists
• CID PPS Log MCC Emergency Plan
• DRIP/DR PPS Log MCC Key Safe Checkout
• Electrical Hazard Test Procedures PEP PPS Log
• Emergency Notification Form PEP PPS Overview
• Entry and Exit Procedures PLS Keys Procedures
  and Log
• Equipment Checkout Log Positron PPS Log
• ESA PPS Log PPS Interlock Checklists
• FFTB PPS Log PPS Zone Maps
• Final Focus PPS Log Safety Configuration
  Control
• Fire Alarm System Reference Manual Safety
  Inspection Checklists
• Guidelines for Work in SLAC Accelerator
  Housings Search Procedures
• Gun Test Lab Safety Procedure VVS Remote
  Turn-on Procedure

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ARTEMIS (Maintenance )

• ARTEMIS (Accelerator Remedy Trouble Entry and
  Maintenance Information System) is an Oracle
  database with a Remedy interface, accessible over
  the internet by everyone involved with SLAC
  accelerator maintenance.
• Operators report problems as they occur by making
  entries in ARTEMIS.
• Repair work is launched immediately if the
  problem is inhibiting the scheduled accelerator
  program.
• New ARTEMIS entries are reviewed at the daily
  maintenance meeting. Open questions are
  addressed and jobs are assigned.
• Jobs may be assigned to the Standby Maintenance
  List (SML), or to the Repair Opportunity Day
  (ROD) list, or marked for the next long down
  time.
• Jobs are tracked using ARTEMIS until they are
  finally closed.

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ARTEMIS Example
Sample from the June 10 maintenance meeting.

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Assessment of Accelerator Time
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General In-depth Accelerator Self-Assessments

• 2004 Linac (includes DRs, BSY, ESA)
• 2003 GTL, GTF, HVTF, ASTA
• 2002 SPEAR
• 2001 NLCTA
• 2000 PEP II
• 1999 Linac

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Conclusions

• PEP-II has reached a luminosity of 9.2 x
  1033/cm2/s with trickle injection.
• PEP-II has integrated 710 pb-1 in one day.
• PEP-II has delivered a total of over 230/fb so
  far!
• Near term and long range upgrades are going well.
• Progress for upgrades towards 2.4 x 1034 are on
  track.
• PEP-II collider has a good safety record.
• We work daily to make it better.
• We have internal and external reviews of our
  program.
• We set yearly performance goals and track them
  daily-weekly-monthly.
• We perform regular in-depth safety reviews of all
  our accelerators.
• We are actively working to make our accelerator
  more reliable.