LABOUR MIGRATION IN SOUTH EAST AND EAST ASIA- LABOUR MARKET NEEDS RECRUITMENT OF WORKERS AND COOPERATION BETWEEN LABOUR SENDING AND RECEIVING COUNTRIES.

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LABOUR MIGRATION IN SOUTH EAST AND EAST ASIA-
LABOUR MARKET NEEDS RECRUITMENT OF WORKERS AND
COOPERATION BETWEEN LABOUR SENDING AND RECEIVING
COUNTRIES. Migration or movement of people is
centuries old process . There were no concepts
of migration, legal emigrants, irregular
emigration,, illegal migration, country of
origins destination, human smuggling, human
trafficking in past. Modern time has coined these
words and concepts.
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Migration is for better and secure future. It is
complex process. Interests of sending and
receiving countries are poles apart but common
objective is economic development.
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Most of Asian Countries except for Japan, Taiwan,
Singapore, and South Korea are countries of
origin. Malaysia and Thailand have become
countries of destination but these are also
countries of origin. Mostly workers for 3-D jobs
and domestic workers both male and female are
required.
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Japan, Singapore and Taiwan are in high income
group whereas South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand
in Middle income group. Workers from neighboring
countries are moving to high income group
countries. These countries have exhausted their
internal workforce resources. Now these countries
need foreign workers to meet shortage.
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Japan and Korea are not open to legal migrant
workers only foreign trainees are invited to meet
workforce shortages. South Korea has recently
introduced work permit system under Foreign
worker Employment Act. Eight Asian countries have
been declared Source Countries IOM reports on
it are exhaustive.
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Singapore is following quite restricted work
permit programme
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As far as cooperation between labour sending and
receiving countries in the region is concerned,
I0M may provide a platform for dialogue and
inter-state cooperation between the countries of
origin and destination for managed migration and
ensure exploitation free jobs to foreign workers.
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Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri-Lanka, Nepal,
Philippines, Vietnam, etc are labour surplus
countries. Pakistan is country of origin,
destination, and transit.
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• CAPACITY
• Labour force of about 42 million.
• Vast network of vocational/technical training
  facilities.
• 150,000 Pakistanis go abroad for employment
  annually.
• 1159 Overseas Employment Promoters are operating
  all over the country.
• Website, E-mail, data bank of sufficient workers
  in all categories for about 300,000 aspirants
  with OEPs.
• Website of the Bureau containing complete list
  of Overseas Employment Promoters.

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As far as Pakistan is concerned, labour
migration in East Asia is negligible. Pakistan
has started sending its manpower to Malaysia -
under a MOU signed between the two countries.
Recently licensed Pakistani Overseas Employment
Promoters have dispatched 2000 general workers to
Malaysia.
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Pakistan is exporting manpower to South Korea
since 1994 under foreign trainee programme
through licensed Overseas Employment Promoters to
work under umbrella of Korean Federation of small
Medium Enterprises.
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Pakistan is also source country for export of
manpower to Singapore is negligible. Pakistan is
hosting about 2.5 million refugees, and about
300,000 legal and illegal foreign workers.
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• Ministry of Labour Manpower Overseas
  Pakistanis is responsible for-
• Policy and programs for human resource
  development.
• Research into the problems of Overseas Pakistanis
  and resolutions of these issues.
• Social economic uplift of working labours and
  maintain labour management relations.
• Administration of Emigration Ordinance 1979.
• National Policy and coordination regarding
  manpower development and employment promotions.
• Foreign employment and emigration.
• Technical Trainings and Training programmes for
  workers including Research.

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Bureau of Emigration Overseas Employment
Established in 1971 Web www.beoe.gov.pk E-mail
bureaumig_at_isb.paknet.com.pk bureaumig_at_hotmail.c
om
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FUNCTIONS

1. To control and regulate emigration for
   employment abroad.
2. To look after the interest of the emigrants.
3. To facilitate, supervise and monitor the
   activities of Overseas Employment Promoters.
4. To advise the Federal Government on. emigration
   policies and procedure.

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LEGAL FRAME WORK
Emigration from Pakistan for the purpose of
overseas employment is controlled regulated,
facilitated and monitored under Emigration
Ordinance 1979 Rules made there under (amended
from time to time).
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ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP

• Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment is
  headed by a Director General having its field
  offices through out the country and abroad such
  as
• Protector of Emigrants at seven different
  stations.
• Community Welfare Attaches in nine countries .

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Map Indicating Bureaus Regional Office namely
Protector of Emigrants
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WHO CAN HANDLE EMIGRATION
Only licensed Individuals, Firms or Corporations
can operate as Overseas Employment Promoters to
process demands from foreign employers and assist
them to make recruitment and selection of workers.
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WHO QUALIFIES TO GET OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT
PROMOTERS LICENCE

• Must be a national of Pakistan and man of
  integrity.
• Must be financially sound.
• Must be of good conduct and character -clearance
  by District Government.
• Security Clearance by Intelligence Agencies as
  well as Security Agencies.
• There are 1159 licensed OEPs .

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EMIGRATION FROM PAKISTAN

• No Government interference-free choice of the
  employers in selection of workers.
• Record of each selected worker is maintained.
• Pakistan is providing manpower in more than 40
  trades of highly qualified, highly skilled,
  skilled, semi skilled and unskilled manpower
  besides professionals and experts to more than 50
  countries of the World.
• Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and
  Bahrain are major labour absorptive markets for
  Pakistani labour force.

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• Since the inception of Bureau 3.61 million
  emigrants have been provided overseas employment
  but no country has ever reported their
  involvement in any type of illegal activities
• About 0.2 million Pakistani workers proceed
  abroad for employment annually.
• Computerized National Identity Cards issued by
  NADRA to bonafide Pakistanis after due security
  clearance and personal appearance of the
  individual.

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Country YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS YEARS
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (up to July)
Saudi Arabia 67425 97262 104783 126397 70896 20883
UAE 26551 18421 34113 61329 65786 41194
Oman 4380 3802 95 6911 8982 4862
Qatar 3227 1633 480 367 2383 789
Bahrain 901 1173 1022 809 855 1007
Kuwait 122 440 3204 12087 14498 6410
Yemen 5 25 73 85 157 40
Libya 1789 713 781 1374 365 240
Malaysia 193 64 59 114 65 1620
Korea 1071 271 564 2144 2474 813
UK 235 800 703 858 1419 926
USA 700 788 310 140 130 123
Italy 325 824 48 128 581 256
Spain 90 362 389 202 254 241
Others 719 1351 798 1094 4979 1004
Total 107733 127929 147422 214039 173824 80408
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BROAD-BASED CATEGORY-WISE PAKISTANI EMIGRATION
FOR THE LAST 6 YEARS
Broad-based Categories. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 (up to July)
Highly qualified 2999 3155 2618 2719 3291 1997
Highly skilled 102092 10846 14778 22152 15557 8429
Skilled 54110 64098 74968 101713 77033 34587
Semi-skilled 2125 2768 3236 4601 3840 2680
Un-skilled 38207 47062 51822 82854 74103 32715
Total 107733 127929 147422 214039 173824 80408

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PROCESSING OF FOREIGN DEMAND
Documents

• An Overseas Employment Promoter can only process
  a demand from abroad if he is in possession of
  Power of Attorney and Demand letter from the
  foreign employer which shall be attested by
  either of the following
• a). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the host
  country.
• b). Embassy of the host country in Pakistan.
• c). Embassy of Pakistan in the country of
  employer.
• In case of Malaysia power of attorney and demand
  letter are required to be attested only by CWA
  after verification of jobs availability,
  financial soundness and genuineness of employer.
  

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PROCEDURE

• Grant of permission by the Protector of
  Emigrants to the concerned Overseas Employment
  Promoters .
• Advertisement in the National News papers
• Selection from Data Bank maintained by Overseas
  Employment Promoters.
• Trade test/interview by foreign employer himself
  or his authorized representative to select right
  person for the right job.
• Police verification certificate from District
  Police Officer
• Medical examination from Medical Centers approved
  by host country.
• Arrangement of employment visa.
• Deposit of prescribed fee in designated banks.

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• Machine Readable Passports issued by the Director
  General Passport after due security clearance and
  personal appearance of the individual
• Personal appearance of the workers before
  Protector of Emigrants at the time of
  registration.
• Clearance of each worker from Police authorities
  (requirement of the Malaysian Government)
• Close liaison with FIA regarding illegal
  emigration and issues of mutual interest.

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WELFARE SERVICES FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS AND
THEIR FAMILIES/DEPENDENTS.

• Financial Aid.
• Compensation/Assistance to the Gulf War
  Affectees.
• Health Facilities.
• Free Ambulance Services for Transpiration of Dead
  Bodies of Overseas Pakistanis.
• Education Facilities, Scholarships and Merit
  Awards.
• Housing Schemes.
• Radio Broadcast.

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ENHANCEMENT OF SKILLS TO IMPROVE OVERSEAS
EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM TO BENEFIT MIGRANT WORKERS.

• Imparting of training to officers of Bureau of
  Emigration and Overseas Employment, labour
  Attaches/ Community Welfare Attaches posted in
  Pak- Missions abroad to look after /welfare of
  emigrants.
• Training of licensed Overseas Employment
  Promoters.
• Awareness compaign for migrant workers through
  Print and Electric Media.
• Interaction with country of destination for
  proper look after for interest of migrants.

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• PRE-DEPARTURE BRIEFING
• Briefing regarding terms and conditions of
  service by Overseas Employment Promoters
• Briefing by O B officer on the climate, social,
  customs, traditions and labour laws of the host
  country, Dos Don'ts while abroad and voluntary
  willingness of the emigrant to serve abroad.
• Briefing by Protector of Emigrants on terms
  conditions of service as given in employment
  contract.
• Malaysia bound workers shall get briefing and
  orientation as modules prescribed by Malaysian
  Government.

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• REGISTRATION OF WORKERS.
• Execution of Foreign Service Agreement /Contract
  between emigrant and the employer or the Overseas
  Employment Promoter on behalf the employer.
• Foreign Service Agreement covers terms
  conditions, salary and other fringe benefits.
• Registration of Foreign Service Agreement
  /Contract with Protector of Emigrants is
  mandatory.
• Every worker is insured with an Insurance company
  .

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VIOLATION OF EMIGRATION LAW

• Overseas Employment Promoter who indulges in
  mal-practices and over charging is dealt with
  severally as under
• Licence is cancelled.
• Licence is suspended for a specified period.
• Security is forfeited in whole or in part.
• Special courts to try offences.
• Imprisonment which may extend to 14 years.

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