Properties of the Ocean

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Properties of the Ocean

• Notes for Oceanography
• Solubility, Gases and Nutrients

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Temperature variations with latitude. Notice the
decrease in salinity at the equator which is due
to increased precipitation at the equator
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Isopycnal Lines
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Density Layering at Antarctic Antarctic Drifter
Experiment Links to Isobaths and Ecosystems
(ADELIE)
http//lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/adelie/ADELIEMaps.ht
ml
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Salinity Levels at Antarctic (PSU) Antarctic
Drifter Experiment
http//lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/adelie/ADELIEMaps.ht
ml
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Instrumentation to determine salinity,
temperature and depth
Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD)
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
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ARGO Floats for Temperature and Conductivity
http//lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/adelie/argo_cycle.jp
g
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Ocean Oxygen Concentrations vs Temperature
O2 (ml/L) Salinity ( )
Temperature (C) 0 10 20 30 40
0 10.22 9.54 8.91 8.32 7.77
5 8.93 8.36 7.83 7.33 6.86
10 7.89 7.41 6.95 6.52 6.12
15 7.05 6.63 6.24 5.84 5.52
20 6.35 5.99 5.64 5.32 5.02
25 5.77 5.45 5.15 4.86 4.59
30 5.28 4.99 4.73 4.47 4.24
35 4.85 4.60 4.36 4.14 3.93
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http//www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/climate_ch
ange/sinks.htm
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Ocean pH
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Carbonate Compensation Depth

• The CCD is the depth at which calcareous
  skeletons of marine animals accumulate at the
  same rate at which they dissolve. Depending on
  the mineral structure of CaCO3, the CCD is called
  calcite
• compensation depth (trigonal structure) or
  aragonite compensation depth (rhombic structure),
  respectively.

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CCD

• Controlled by
• pH
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Carbon Availability

Foraminiferans
Coccolithophores
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Dissolved Salts and Substances

• Conservative constituents includes those that are
  not removed or added by living organisms
  (Duxbury)
• Non-conservation constituents include ions and
  molecules that can fluctuate through chemical and
  biological processes (i.e., nitrogen,
  phosphorus)
• Redfield Ratio CSiNP 10640161

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This diagram shows the variations of oxygen and
nutrients (here represented by the phosphate ion)
with depth in ocean waters.
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Check out page 166 in text
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Human-caused carbon dioxide
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Radiative Fog
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Advection Fog
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Sea Smoke