A Presentation On SMART GRID

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A Presentation OnSMART GRID
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WHAT IS A SMART GRID?

• A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers
  to consumers using two-way digital technology to
  control appliances at consumers' homes to save
  energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and
  transparency.

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KEY CHARACTERISTICS

• Self healing
• Empower and incorporate the consumer
• Tolerant of attack
• Provides power quality needed by 21st century
  consumers
• Accommodates a wide variety of generation options
  (like green energy)
• Fully enables maturing electricity markets

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FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED

• VARIABLE TARIFF-BASED LOAD
• ENERGY USAGE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK
• REAL-TIME PORTFOLIO IMBALANCE REDUCTION
• OFFERING RESERVE CAPACITY TO THE TSO
• DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONGESTION MANAGEMENT
• DISTRIBUTION GRID CELL ISLANDING IN CASE OF
  HIGHER- SYSTEM INSTABILITY
• BLACK START SUPPORT FROM SMART HOUSES
• INTEGRATION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUES

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SMART GRIDA TRANSMISSION VIEW
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SMART TRANSMISSION

• Independent processors in each component at each
  sub-station and power plant
• Sensors are connected to all other components in
  the system
• Own state and of all other components are known
  and communicated

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• On addition of new devices to the system device
  parameters are automatically updated
• The new component also has a built-in processor

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SELF HEALING

• TYPICAL BLACK-OUT SEQUENCE
• a sudden outage of major lines occurs
• further outage due to overload leaves the system
  imbalanced
• frequency declines with large generation load
  imbalance
• generation is taken off-line
• island blacks out
• long time taken to restore power

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• emergency imposed on the system
• frequency load/generation imbalance is
  determined
• and total outage is prevented

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SMART GRIDA DISTRIBUTION VIEW
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A DISTRIBUTION VIEW

• Distribution system needs many changes to come in
  sync with requirements for the implementation of
  smart grid
• DESIRED OPTIMISATIONS
• DEMAND OPTIMISATION
• DELIVERY OPTIMIZATION
• ASSET OPTIMIZATION
• RENEWABLES OPTIMIZATION

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DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

• Refers to monitoring, control communication
  functions
• Important aspects of DA are in areas of
  protection and switching
• Helps in quickly reconfigure interconnected
  network of feeders
• FEATURES OF DA
• Can detect fault current and voltages
• Can help in self-healing of the grid
• Can communicate with one another

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PROCESS OF DA

• DATA COLLECTION
• DATA VALIDATION
• ESTABLISH WEATHER SENSITIVITY
• DATA CATEGORIZATION
• CALIBRATION

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SMART HOME

• Residential, Small Office commercial building
  sector responsible for over 50 of total
  electricity consumption
• Homes, offices and commercial buildings treated
  as an interconnected network instead of single
  units
• Able to communicate, interact negotiate with
  both customers energy devices in local grid
• Grid operated more efficiently as consumption is
  better predicted

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FEATURES OF SMART HOME

• MICROGENERATION
• SMART METERS
• LOCAL STORAGE UNITS

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AUTOMATIC METER READING
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AMR

• A communication technique to automatically
  collect the meter readings other relevant data
  from meters
• AMR has benefits beyond meter reading
• It provides crucial data on an insight into other
  areas of operation
• PROCESS OF AMR
• DATA RETRIVAL
• COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
• RF BASED COMMUNICATION
• TELEPHONE BASED COMMUNICATION

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• SMARTER METER
• SECURITY ISSUES
• DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
• FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND ALARM PROCESSING FUNCTION
• FAULT LOCATION FUNCTION
• SERVICE RESTORATION FUNCTION
• SMARTER METER

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THANK YOU