Chapter 1: The Science of Life/Biology

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• Chapter 1 The Science of Life/Biology

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS (Organisms)
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• 1. Are made up of cells
• Unicellular organisms that are made of only one
  cell
• Multicellular organisms that are made of more
  than one cell
• Colonial unicellular organisms that live in a
  group

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• 2. Reproduce to produce new organisms
• Sexual reproduction two parents to produce a
  new organism
• Asexual reproduction 1 parent to produce a new
  organism

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3.Common Genetic Code

• All living organisms use the same language to
  pass genetic info on to offspring.
• DNA RNA contain the code.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• 4. Growth, Development and Aging
• Growth some cells get larger and other new
  cells are added
• Development cells and body parts become
• specialized for certain jobs
• Aging cells and body parts become damaged and
  cannot be repaired

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• 5. Obtain and Use Energy from Environment
• Anabolism process of making complex substances
  from simpler substances
• Catabolism breaking down complex substances
  into simpler substances
• Metabolism sum of all of the chemical reactions
  of an organism

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• 5. (cont.)Obtain and Use Energy from Environment
• Autotroph organism that can make its own food
  from its environment
• Heterotroph organism that has to obtain its
  energy from another organism

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

• 6. Respond to the Environment
• Stimulus anything in the environment that
  causes a reaction from an organism
• Reflex automatic response to a stimulus
• Behavior learned or inherited response to a
  stimulus

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7. Maintain a stable internal environment
(homeostasis)

• Ex when youre hot, your body ________ to cool
  off
• When you need water, you experience a sensation
  called ___________.

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When your body gets too warm due to activity
or stress, you will sweat to cool it down.
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8. As a group, living things change over time.

• Evolution
• Individuals do not evolve, groups do!

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What is Science?

• An ongoing process used as a way of knowing about
  the world around (and in) us.
• It includes observation, inference, and
  scientific method to find out more.
• Constantly changing.
• Affects every aspect of our lives.
• Sometimes conflicts with our values.

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Observations v. Inferences

• Observation information you gather with any of
  your 5 senses.
• Inference logical interpretation based on prior
  knowledge or experience

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Branches of Biology

• Botany
• Zoology
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• Microbiology
• Paleontology
• Etc.

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Levels of Organization of Biological Study

• Atoms/Molecules
• Cells
• Groups of cells (tissues, organs, organ systems)
• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem
• Biosphere