FIRST EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON BINASIA 29-30 APRIL 2004, BANGKOK

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FIRST EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON BINASIA29-30 APRIL
2004, BANGKOK

• BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS IN INDIA
• U. N. BEHERA
• JOINT SECRETARY
• DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
• MINISTRY OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
• GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

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Developments in Biotechnology

• One of the most important disciplines
• Radical transformation in the fields of
• (a) agriculture
• (b) health care
• (c) industry
• (d) environment management
• basic and applied research essential

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Biotechnology in India

• Initiative in early 1980s
• Agencies - DST, CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, UGC
• National Biotechnology Development Board 1982
• Department of Biotechnology 1986
• Strategy
• Creation of Infrastructure
• Human Resources Development
• Promotion of R D
• Technology Transfer
• Promotion of Industry
• Public Private Partnership
• Regulation
• International Co-operation

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Policy

• Science Policy Resolution, 1958
• Technology Policy, 1983
• Science Technology Policy, 2003
• Biotechnology Vision, 2003

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OUR VISION
Attaining new heights in biotechnology research,
shaping biotechnology into a premier precision
tool of the future for creation of wealth and
ensuring social justice specially for the
welfare of the poor.
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OUR MISSION

• Realizing full potential of biotechnology
• A well directed effort, significant investment
  for generation of products, processes and
  technologies
• Enhance efficiency , productivity and cost
  effectiveness.
• Scientific and technological empowerment of human
  resource
• Strong infrastructure for research and
  commercialization
• Enhance the knowledge base
• Nurturing the leads of potential utility
• Bringing the bioproducts to the market place

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Investments
1986-2003 Rs 18. 290 billion 1998-2004 OR
US 522.6 million _at_ USD 1 Rs 35/- Adding
30 additional contribution from other ST
agencies supporting biology The investment
could be US 679.3 Million
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• CORE ACTIVITIES
• These activities form the basic necessities for
  implementation of biotechnology programmes and
  their development in the country both from the
  viewpoint of application and commercialization.
• Human Resource Development,
• Support for New Centres of Excellence,
  Facilities, Repositories and Services,
• Basic and Product Oriented RD,
• Biotech Product and Process Development,
• Bioinformatics,
• International Cooperation,
• Biotechnology Based Projects for Societal
  Development
• Support to the Autonomous Institutions,

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• Special thrust
• Genomics of human, animals, plants and microbes
• Network facilities for high throughput screening,
  functional genomics, microarray and structural
  genomics
• Pilot production facility for large-scale
  validation and testing of important diagnostic
  kits.
• Support basic and product oriented research and
  development.
• Bioinformatics
• International cooperation in new areas of modern
  biology including transgenics, computational
  biology, pharmacogenomics, neurosciences, etc.

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Special thrust (continued)
Biotechnology based programmes for Societal
Development for weaker sections of population,
rural development and women to utilise proven
biotechnological tools for generating employment
opportunities empower dedicated youth provide
entrepreneurship training utilisation of local
natural resources and involve NGOs, grass root
level organisations, national laboratories and
universities Biovillages, biotechnology parks
would be an integral part of the societal
development programme.
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Autonomous Institutions National Institute of
Immunology, New Delhi National Centre for Cell
Sciences Center for DNA Fingerprinting
Diagnostics, Hyderabad National Center for
Plant Genome Research, New Delhi National
Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon and Institute
of Bioresource and Sustainable Development,
Imphal Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar
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Mission Mode Programmes Genomics
covering humans, plants, animals and microbes
with emphasis on genome sequencing of microbes
relevant to India Development of new drugs
and molecules from important medicinal plants
aims towards search for molecular targets/active
principles in medicinal plants with respect to
anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-arthritic,
anti-brain disorders, immunomodulatory properties
and cardio-protective agents..
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Mission Mode Programmes... Bioresources
characterization and inventorization and
documentation from the special ecosystems To
prepare digitized inventories for bioresources
plant, animal, microbial and marine.
Production, demonstration and testing of
biofuels The programme focuses primarily on the
4 major aspects for Biofuels and Bioenergy
production Bioenergy plantation, Bioethanol
production, Biodiesel and Hydrocarbons production
and Alternative sources of hydrogen production.
The programme has been initiated with an
end-to-end approach, for technology development,
demonstration and finally characterization and
evaluation.
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Mission Mode Programmes. New generation
vaccines The diseases targeted are Rabies,
Cholera, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Japanese
Encephalitis and Malaria. Biotechnological
interventions for enhancing food and nutritional
security the programme involves enhancement of
the crop productivity, value addition and genetic
engineering for enhanced nutritional status with
specific emphasis on development of pro-vitamin-A
rice in India for alleviation of vitamin-A
deficiency and nutritionally enhanced Potato,
Chickpea etc.
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HRD Programmes

• Post Graduate Teaching Programmes
• Ph D Programme
• Post Doctoral Fellowship
• Short Term Training Programes
• Industrial Training
• Seminar, Symposium, Conference
• Awards and Scholarships
• Travel Support

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Post Graduate Teaching

• General Biotechnology 30
• Agricultural Biotechnology 7
• Medical Biotechnology 3
• Marine Biotechnology 2
• Neurosciences 3
• Industrial Biotechnology 1
• Biochemical Engineering 6
• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 1
• IPR 1

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Human Resource Development

• Post graduate teaching
• in 54 universities institutions
• Number of students benefited - 3000
• Biologist scholarships (102) - 185
• Biotech Industrial training to 350 students
• Post doctoral fellowships - 400

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BIOINFORMATICS NETWORK

• Year of Start 1986
• Total No. of Distributed Bioinformatics Centers-
  61 with each one is having focus on a specific
  area of biotechnology
• One year Advanced diploma course on
  Bioinformatics - 5
• Interactive Graphics facility 6
• Mirror Sites 5
• Super Computing facility - 1
• BIOGRID INDIA 11 Nodes

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FOCUS OF THE PROGRAMME

• Building bioinformatics infrastructure to build
  up shared bioinformatics and computational
  infrastructure from underlying advances in
  networking framework to hardware resources
• Bioinformatics integration full integration of
  enabling bioinformatics techniques and
  technologies into biotechnology, health care and
  life sciences
• Information and software sharing encourage
  sharing of major software and databases within
  the BTISnet
• Promote bioinformatics cooperation national and
  international
• Human resource development the HRD programme on
  Bioinformatics will be strengthened through
  systematic manpower development, technical
  training, scientific exchanges and outreach

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BIOGRID INDIA
Internet
MK Univ., Madurai
South Campus, DU, Delhi
CBT, DU Campus, Delhi
Service Providers VPN Network
IMT, Chandigarh
3640 Router Co-Located at Service Providers Node
in Delhi
Deptt. Of Biotecdhnology, Delhi
Univ. of Pune
CDFD, Hyderabad
NII, Delhi
Cisco 2611 Router
NBRC, Gurgaon
IISc, Bangalore
JNU, Delhi
2 Mbps Leased Line
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BIOGRID INDIA

• To give access to more computational power.
• To make more data resources readily available.
• To enable collaborative working and resource
  sharing through virtual organizations and
  communities.
• To create new economic opportunities through new
  products and services.

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MIRROR SITES

• EMBnet (CDFD)
• PDB (IISc University of Pune)
• EBI Databases (Pune)
• Plant Genome Databases (JNU)
• Public domain Biotech Software (IMTECH)

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Subject wise Classification of Developed
Databases
BROAD SUBJECT AREA BROAD SUBJECT AREA
Agronomy Marine Biology
Aquaculture Fisheries Medical Sciences
Biodiversity Microbiology Parasitology
Bioinformatics Computational Biology Molecular Biology Biochemistry
Commercial Biotechnology Plant Sciences
Crop Science Biotechnology Taxonomy
Entomology Tissue Culture
Environmental Science Veterinary Science
Intellectual Property Rights
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SOFTWARE CATEGORY
Sequence Analysis Molecular Modelling Simulation
Studies 2D and 3D Graphics Image
processing Statistical Analysis Structure
Prediction Bibliographic Evolutionary Studies
Analysis of Function RAPD/RFLP/ Restriction
Mapping Cytogenetic Studies Primer Design Query
and search engines Management Information Systems
     
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• Some Major Biotechnology Facilities
• DBT has established 59 major infrastructure
  facilities
• 19 in plant Sciences
• 10 in medical sciences
• 30 useful for both areas and others
• 6 Culture collections-
• Blue green algae
• Marine cyanobacteria
• Agriculturally useful organisms
• Industrial microbes
• Filaria
• Tuberculii
• 2 Animal House Facilities

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• Some Major Biotechnology Facilities..
• 16 Genetic counseling centers established
  benefiting 18000 families and 4500 tribal
  families
• 2 Microarray Facilities
• 5 Automatic DNA sequencing Facilities
• 4 genomic /proteomic facilities
• 10 facilities for drug and molecular design
• 8 Gene Banks for crops and medicinal and aromatic
  plants
• 3 High/medium throughput facilities for screening
  extracts
• 5 Centers of Plant Molecular Biology
• 4 Centers for Genetic Engineering

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MICROBIAL TYPE CULTURE COLLECTIONS HOME
PAGE www.mtcc.res.in
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MTCC is now an International Depositary Authority
(IDA) Under the Budapest Treaty on the
International Recognition of the Deposit of
Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent
Procedure from October 2002
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• Research Development
• 1986 -2003
• More than 2000 RD projects launched in 20
  identified areas.
• To harness biological wealth and bioresource
  utilization, National Bioresource Development
  Board set up and bioprospecting, establishment of
  gene banks for conservation and bioresource
  inventorisation and development programmes
  implemented.
• Rice genome sequencing project implemented as
  member of International Initiative to complete
  the sequencing of part of chromosome 11 completed
  before time with international appreciation.
• Complete sequencing of Indian isolate of
  hepatitis C done

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Status of vaccine research

• Rabies Ready for commercial use in
  animals approvals awaited
• Cholera Phase-IIA clinical trials
• Rotavirus Phase I clinical trials,
  large
• scale production of GMP materials with
  industry
• HIV
• Malaria
• Anthrax
• Others
• Tuberculosis
• JEV

• Pre-clinical evaluation for toxicity and
  immunogenicity, negotiation for large scale
  production of GMP
• materials with industry

Pre-clinical evaluation for toxicity and
immunogenicity
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Summary of Transgenic Research in India Target
Crops/ Vegetables Cotton, Corn, Mustard, Rice,
Soybean, Potato, Tobacco, Coffee, Tomato,
Brinjal, Cauliflower, Pea, Cabbage, Banana,
Muskmelon, Pigeonpea, Chickpea, Bell-pepper,
Blackgram, Chilli, Watermelon etc. Transgenes
Employed Bt. toxin genes, Herbicide tolerant
genes (CP4 EPSPS, Bar gene), Xa21, ctx-B and tcp
of V.cholera, Chitinase, Glucanase, ACC synthase,
RIP, Protease Inhibitor, Lectin, Ama-1, OXDC
gene, Rabies glycoprotein gene, Bar, Barnase,
Barstar, GNA gene, Vip-3 gene, Bacterial Blight
Resistance gene, Osmotin etc.
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Over 30 transgenic crops are under evaluation
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Bt Cotton

• Seeds were imported in 1996
• GEAC approved on March 26, 2002, the first
  commercial transgenic crop- Bt cotton

• The first year Bt cotton was sown in about 40,000
  hac, spread over six states.
• Farm trials have found

• the GM cotton gave higher yield than conventional
  varieties.
• used less pesticide than conventional varieties.

• The Bt cotton in the year 2003 was cultivated in
  gt 250,000 Acres

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Summary of r-DNA Research in India Number of
Institutions engaged 230 Number of
Private Institutions engaged 35 in
transgenic research
Number of Public funded
Institutions 47 engaged in transgenic
research Number of Private Institutions engaged
37 in r-DNA therapeutics Other
Institutions engaged in basic work 111
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Technology Transfer About 69 technologies from
indigenous RD leads transferred to industry
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Technology transfer Products in Market resulting
in import substitution and value addition HIV
diagnostic kits-Western Blot and ELISA test ,
Liposome mediated Amphotericin B drug delivery
system, Leprosy vaccine (1st of its kind in the
world), 14 diagnostic kits for detection of
Pregnancy and contraceptive problems, 12
Packages for bio-remediation of petroleum oil
spills, 6 bio-fertilizers, 5 bio-pesticides
formulations 6 Plant Tissue Culture protocols
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• Technology parks and incubators
• A new scheme namely Technology Incubators Pilot
  Level Facilities and Biotech Parks introduced
  particularly for promotion of industrial
  biotechnology
• The Golden Jubilee Womens Biotechnology Park
  established at Chennai with 20 industrial
  modules.
• Lucknow has been declared as Biotechnology city
  with implementation of Phase-I activities on
  Bioinformatics. A Biotechnology park established
• A Genome Valley established with Biotechnology
  Incubator in Hyderabad

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Biotech industrial growth 1998-2003 About 38
companies are operational in modern
biotechnological products. Additional 170
companies registered for future production
activities
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INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION Europe U.K.,
Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Poland,
France, Russia, Belarus, North America
USA South America Brazil, Argentina, Cuba Asia
Multilateral- ASEAN, Asian Cooperation dialogue
(ACD), SAARC Bilateral Myanmar, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Mangolia, China,
Japan, South Korea, Syria, Israel, Iran Africa
Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, Mauritius
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Regulation
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• GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMSs)
  AND r-DNA PRODUCTS GOVERNED BY
  
• Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - Rules,
  1989
• Industries (Development Regulation) Act, 1951
• - New Industrial Policy Procedures, 1991
• Drugs Cosmetics Act, 1940
• - Drugs (Price Control) Order - 1995
• - Drug Policy-1986 Modification in
  September, 1994
• February, 1999.
• Seeds Act, 1966
• Seeds Rules, 1968
• Seeds (Control) Order, 1983
• Seeds Policy, 1988
• Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Right
  Act, 2001

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r-DNA GUIDELINES 1990 Recombinant DNA
Safety Guidelines 1994 Revised
Guidelines for Safety in Biotechnology 1998
Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic
Plants Guidelines for
Toxicity and Allergenicity Evaluation of
Transgenic Seeds, Plant Parts
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Competent Authorities
The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(GEAC) The Review Committee on
Genetic Manipulation (RCGM) The
Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee(RDAC)
The Monitoring and Evaluation
Committee (MEC) The Institute Biosafety
Committee (IBSC) The State Biosafety
Coordination Committee (SBCC) The District Level
Committee (DLC)
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• Other initiatives
• Establishment of patent facilitation cell and to
  promote national and international patents of
  indigenous innovations and 112 patents filled
  with 7 international patents and 7 national
  patents granted.
• Revision of biosafety guidelines for transgenic
  plants.
• Guidelines for clinical trials of recombinant DNA
  vaccines formulated and published.
• Single window application processing mechanism
  for recombinant products setup.
• Accession to Budapest Treaty on microorganisms
  and establishment of International Depository
  Authority.
• National bioethics committee setupEthical
  policies on human genome, genetic research and
  services published.

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BINASIA

1. An excellent idea for sharing of resources and
   expertise among the member countries
2. It could also provide close interaction with the
   scientific community in the region
3. It should provide seamless integration with the
   individual networks
4. It should provide access to the databases and
   softwares developed in different countries
5. India will be happy to share the information
   resources, know-how and expertise to strengthen
   biotechnology growth in the region

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BINASIA (Contd..)

1. India would actively participate in taking up
   joint programmes in human resource development,
   research development and sharing of resources
   and expertise with the member countries
2. Indias bioinformatics expertise will be useful
   in establishing and managing the web site for
   BINASIA
3. Organization and participation in short-term
   training programmes, exchange of overseas
   fellowships can immediately be implemented
4. Networking of scientists and laboratories for the
   purpose of joint research programmes in the areas
   of common interest should also be seriously
   explored to make BINASIA successful

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Consult Our Web sites www.dbtindia.nic.in www.btis
net.nic.in
Thank you