Poverty and Human Development Report Geographic Diversity of Poverty

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Poverty and Human Development
ReportGeographic Diversity of Poverty
PHDR Geographic Diversity of Poverty
Professor Amani, ESRF
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This presentation

• Introduction
• Methodologies
• Single indicator approach
• Human Development Index (HDI)
• Human Poverty Index (HPI)
• Concluding remarks

General Findings
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IntroductionWhy analysis of poverty status at
sub-national level?

• Increased awareness among stakeholders on
  sub-national differences
• Contribution to better focused more effective
  policies and strategies
• Guidance to resource allocation of resources to
  local authorities, contributing to improved
  planning at that level

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Methodology

• Choice of methodology to assess regional
  differences in status of poverty depends on
  purpose of the assessment

To raise awareness and advocate on the overall
regional status of human development in a country
To inform planning, policy or strategy
development within a sector
Single Indicator Approach
Composite Index Approach
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Methodology

• Single Indicator Approach
• Based on PRSP indicators
• Total of 28 indicators from 4 clusters
• Performance by region and ranking included

• Income poverty
• Human capabilities
• Survival
• Nutrition

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Methodology

• Human Development Index (HDI)
• Summary measure of human development
• It measures average (regional) achievements in
  three basic dimensions of human development

• A long and healthy life (life expectancy at
  birth)
• Knowledge (adult literacy rate, gross enrolment
  rate)
• A decent standard of living (GDP per capita PPP)

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Methodology

• Human Development Index (HDI)
• PHDR consumption expenditure (CE)per capita used
  in stead of GDP per capita PPP.
• Data more reliable and more recent
• CE direct measure of standard of living and
  reflects the situation at household level better
  than GDP

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Methodology

• Human Poverty Index (HPI)
• Summary measure of deprivation in three basic
  dimensions of human development

• Lack of a long and healthy life. Vulnerability
  to death at early age (probability of not
  surviving beyond 40 yrs)
• Lack of knowledge. Exclusion from learning(adult
  illiteracy )
• Lack of a decent standard of living (population
  not using safe water, percentage of children lt5
  who are underweight)

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General Findings

• Single Indicator Approach

• Analysis
• Interregional disparities
• Performance of a region on a range of indicators
• Identification of trends and patterns

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General Findings
Single Indicator Approach

• Analysis
• Interregional disparities
• Performance of a region on a range of indicators
• Identification of trends and patterns

• PNER Tanzania 57
• Kilimanjaro 80.5
• Lindi 43

• Iringa
• Among best 5 on 12 indicators
• Among worst 5 on 9 indicators

• Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro region consistently
  among best 5 for PRSP indicators
• Pwani, Lindi, Rukwa consistently among worst 5
  for PRSP indicators

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General Findings

• Single Indicator Approach

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General Findings

• Marked gap
• between
• 1-2, 2-rest

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General Findings

• Human Development Index

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General Findings

• Human Poverty Index

Marked gap between Kilimanjaro and Mbeya
Regardless of Methodology Dar es Salaam,
Kilimanjaro, Mbeya and Ruvuma consistently at
top end of the ranking Lindi and Shinyanga
consistently at bottom end of ranking
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General Findings
Human Poverty Index
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General Findings

• Inconsistencies when comparing HDI and HPI

HDI rank
HPI rank
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• Caused by different indicators used in HDI and
  HPI
• Absence of expenditure component in HPI improves
  Rukwas ranking, but has a negative effect on
  Pwanis Ranking
• Introducing access to safe water in the equasion
  for HPI has a negative effect on the ranking of
  Pwani.

Pwani (11)
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13
18
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Rukwa (20)
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Concluding remarks

• This analysis provides further evidence on
  diversity of poverty in Tanzania
• A national perspective alone obscures details
  important for informed decision making on poverty
  reduction
• The methodologies used reveal both similarities
  in regional performance as well as differences
• No single methodology will provide all answers
• More in depth analysis required focusing on WHY
  some regions perform better than others
• Future work may also include sub-regional
  analysis, using census data and poverty mapping