The Role of University Energy Efficient Cyberinfrastructure in Slowing Climate Change

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The Role of University Energy Efficient
Cyberinfrastructure in Slowing Climate Change

• Talk to MGT166 Class
• Business Ethics and Corporate Social
  Responsibility
• Otterson Hall, Rady School of Management
• University of California, San Diego
• June 1, 2010

Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute
for Telecommunications and Information
Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of
Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of
Engineering, UCSD Twitter lsmarr
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Rapid Increase in the Greenhouse Gas CO2Since
Industrial Era Began
Source David JC MacKay, Sustainable Energy
Without the Hot Air (2009)
388 ppm in 2010
Medieval Warm Period
Little Ice Age
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Global Average Temperature Per DecadeOver the
Last 160 Years
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Climate Models Match Past Temperature Variations,
Combining Both Natural and Anthropogenic Effects
www.aip.org/history/climate/summary.htm
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Atmospheric CO2 Levels for 800,000 Yearsand
Projections for the 21st Century
Source U.S. Global Change Research Program
Report (2009)
(MIT Study)
(Shell Study)
www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientif
ic-assessments /us-impacts/download-the-report
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The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous
Level of Warming
Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the
Climate-Tipping
Earth Has Only Realized 1/3 of theCommitted
Warming - Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases
Move Peak to the Right
Additional Warming over 1750 Level
V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UCSD September 23,
2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105
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Summer Arctic Sea Ice Volume Shows Even More
Extreme MeltingIce Free by 2015?
Source Wieslaw Maslowski Naval Postgraduate
School, AAAS Talk 2010
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Sea Level Rise Will Impact 150 Million People by
2100The Vast Majority in Asia
CO2 Emissions are an Impulse to Earth Climate
SystemEquilibrium Response will Take Centuries
1 Meter Sea Level Rise
IPCC 2007 Estimates
Global sea level linked to global
temperature, Martin Vermeer and Stefan
Rahmstorf, PNAS, v. 106, 2152721532 (2009)
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Atmospheric Aerosols Cool ClimateCleaning Air
Pollution will Accelerate Warming!
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Urgent Actions Required to Limit Global Warming
to Less Than 2 Degrees Centigrade

• Three Simultaneous Actions
• Reduce Annual CO2 Emissions 50 by 2050Keep CO2
  Concentration Below 441 ppm
• Balance Removing Cooling Aersols by Removing
  Warming Black Carbon and Ozone
• Greatly Reduce Emissions of Short-Lived
  GHGs-Methane and Hydrofluorocarbons
• Alternative Energy Must Scale Up Very Quickly
• Carbon Sequestration Must be Widely Used for Coal

The Copenhagen Accord for limiting global
warming Criteria, constraints, and available
avenues, PNAS, v. 107, 8055-62 (May 4, 2010) V.
Ramanathan and Y. Xu, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UCSD
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To Cut Energy Related CO2 Emissions 50 by
2050Requires a Radically Different Energy System
IEA Blue Scenario
Focus on Negawatts, Renewables, CCS
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Global Electricity Production Power Generation
Mix Comparing Business as Usual with IEA Blue
Scenario
46 Renewables
Eliminate Coal Use Without CCS,Scale Up
Renewables
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Climate Change Will Pose Major Challenges to
California in Water and Wildfires
It is likely that the changes in climate that
San Diego is experiencing due to the warming of
the region will increase the frequency and
intensity of fires even more, making the region
more vulnerable to devastating fires like the
ones seen in 2003 and 2007.
California Applications Program (CAP) The
California Climate Change Center (CCCC) CAP/CCCC
is directed from the Climate Research Division,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
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ICT Could be a Key Factorin Reducing the Rate of
Climate Change
Applications of ICT could enable emissions
reductions of 15 of business-as-usual
emissions. But it must keep its own growing
footprint in check and overcome a number of
hurdles if it expects to deliver on this
potential.
www.smart2020.org
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ICT is a Critical Element in Achieving Countries
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets

• GeSI member companies
• Bell Canada,
• British Telecomm.,
• Plc,
• Cisco Systems,
• Deutsche Telekom AG,
• Ericsson,
• France Telecom,
• Hewlett-Packard,
• Intel,
• Microsoft,
• Nokia,
• Nokia Siemens Networks,
• Sun Microsystems,
• T-Mobile,
• Telefónica S.A.,
• Telenor,
• Verizon,
• Vodafone Plc.

www.smart2020.org
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The Global ICT Carbon Footprint is
Significantand Growing at 6 Annually!
Most of Growth is in Developing Countries

• the assumptions behind the growth in emissions
  expected in 2020
• takes into account likely efficient technology
  developments that affect the power
  consumption of products and services
• and their expected penetration in the market in
  2020

www.smart2020.org
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Reduction of ICT Emissions is a Global Challenge
U.S. and Canada are Small Sources
U.S. plus Canada Percentage Falls From 25 to
14 of Global ICT Emissions by 2020
www.smart2020.org
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The Global ICT Carbon Footprint by Subsector
The Number of PCs (Desktops and Laptops) Globally
is Expected to Increase from 592 Million in 2002
to More Than Four Billion in 2020
www.smart2020.org
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Increasing Laptop Energy Efficiency Putting
Machines To Sleep Transparently
Rajesh Gupta, UCSD CSE Calit2
Somniloquy Enables Servers to Enter and Exit
Sleep While Maintaining Their Network and
Application Level Presence
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PC 68 Energy Saving Since SSR Deployment
kW-Hours488.77 kW-H Averge Watts55.80
W Energy costs63.54 Estimated Energy Savings
with Sleep Server 32.62 Estimated Cost Savings
with Sleep Server 28.4
energy.ucsd.edu
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The GreenLight Project Instrumenting the Energy
Cost of Computational Science

• Focus on 5 Communities with At-Scale Computing
  Needs
• Metagenomics
• Ocean Observing
• Microscopy
• Bioinformatics
• Digital Media
• Measure, Monitor, Web Publish Real-Time Sensor
  Outputs
• Via Service-oriented Architectures
• Allow Researchers Anywhere To Study Computing
  Energy Cost
• Enable Scientists To Explore Tactics For
  Maximizing Work/Watt
• Develop Middleware that Automates Optimal Choice
  of Compute/RAM Power Strategies for Desired
  Greenness
• Partnering With Minority-Serving Institutions
  Cyberinfrastructure Empowerment Coalition

Source Tom DeFanti, Calit2 GreenLight PI
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New Techniques for Dynamic Power and Thermal
Management to Reduce Energy Requirements

• NSF Project Greenlight
• Green Cyberinfrastructure in Energy-Efficient
  Modular Facilities
• Closed-Loop Power Thermal Management

• Dynamic Power Management (DPM)
• Optimal DPM for a Class of Workloads
• Machine Learning to Adapt
• Select Among Specialized Policies
• Use Sensors and Performance Counters to Monitor
• Multitasking/Within Task Adaptation of Voltage
  and Frequency
• Measured Energy Savings of Up to 70 per Device

• Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM)
• Workload Scheduling
• Machine learning for Dynamic Adaptation to get
  Best Temporal and Spatial Profiles with
  Closed-Loop Sensing
• Proactive Thermal Management
• Reduces Thermal Hot Spots by Average 60 with No
  Performance Overhead

System Energy Efficiency Lab (seelab.ucsd.edu) Pro
f. Tajana Šimunic Rosing, CSE, UCSD
CNS
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Application of ICT Can Lead to a 5-Fold
GreaterDecrease in GHGs Than its Own Carbon
Footprint
While the sector plans to significantly step up
the energy efficiency of its products and
services, ICTs largest influence will be by
enabling energy efficiencies in other sectors,
an opportunity that could deliver carbon savings
five times larger than the total emissions from
the entire ICT sector in 2020. --Smart 2020
Report

• Major Opportunities for the United States
• Smart Electrical Grids
• Smart Transportation Systems
• Smart Buildings
• Virtual Meetings
• Smart 2020 United States Report
  Addendum
• www.smart2020.org

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Making University Campuses Living Laboratories
for the Greener Future
www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSEReview/EDUCAUSEReviewMag
azineVolume44/CampusesasLivingLaboratoriesfo/18521
7
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Using High Definition to Link the Calit2
BuildingsLiving Greener
LifeSize System
June 2, 2008
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HD Talk to Australias Monash University from
Calit2Reducing International Travel
July 31, 2008
Qvidium Compressed HD 140 mbps
Source David Abramson, Monash Univ
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Linking the Calit2 Auditoriums at UCSD and UCI
with LifeSize HD for Shared Seminars
September 8, 2009
Sept. 8, 2009
Photo by Erik Jepsen, UC San Diego
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High Definition Video Connected
OptIPortalsVirtual Working Spaces for Data
Intensive Research
NASA Interest in Supporting Virtual Institutes
LifeSize HD
NASA Ames Lunar Science Institute Mountain View,
CA
Source Falko Kuester, Kai Doerr Calit2 Michael
Sims, NASA
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Real-Time Monitoring of Building Energy
UsageUCSD Has 34 Buildings On-Line
http//mscada01.ucsd.edu/ion/
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Power Management in Mixed Use BuildingsThe UCSD
CSE Building is Energy Instrumented

• 500 Occupants, 750 Computers
• Detailed Instrumentation to Measure Macro and
  Micro-Scale Power Use
• 39 Sensor Pods, 156 Radios, 70 Circuits
• Subsystems Air Conditioning Lighting
• Conclusions
• Peak Load is Twice Base Load
• 70 of Base Load is PCs and Servers
• 90 of That Could Be Avoided!

Source Rajesh Gupta, CSE, Calit2
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Contributors to the CSE Base Load

• IT loads account for 50 (peak) to 80
  (off-peak)!
• Includes machine room plug loads
• IT equipment, even when idle, not put to sleep
• Duty-Cycling IT loads essential to reduce
  baseline

Source Rajesh Gupta, UCSD CSE, Calit2
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International Symposia on Green ICTGreening ICT
and Applying ICT to Green Infrastructures
Webcasts Available at www.calit2.net/newsroom/art
icle.php?id1456
Calit2_at_UCSD
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You Can Download This Presentation at
lsmarr.calit2.net