Title: France: National Security
1France National Security International Affairs
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3International Outputs and Outcomes
- International activities
- economic,
- diplomatic,
- military
- informational
- Most common outcome of the interaction among
nations has been warfare - Military strength and military policy central
concern of all but the weakest states
4War in the Twentieth Century(90 of the war
deaths since 1700 have occurred in the 20th
century
- In the last decades of the 20th century, more
than three-quarters of the war deaths were
civilian. - People of USSR-Russian have been the greatest
victims of the tormented history of the 20th
century. - Germany suffered the second largest number of
deaths. - Followed by China and Japan, France and Great
Britain
5Humiliation of France
- France defeated by nazi war machine (1940)
- Vichy government collaborates with Hitler
- Charles De Gaulle leads French forces in
liberation of France (1944-45)
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7International After World War II
- The most devastating conflicts have occurred in
the Third World. - Partition of British India into India, Pakistan,
and Bangladesh associated with numerous deadly
conflicts. - Conflicts in Africa
- Many newly independent from about 1960
- Borders drawn by colonial powers
- Serious problems of national cohesion/chronic
civil war - France involved in many military conflicts in the
Third World
8Three Colors, One Flag, One Empire
9First Indochina War(1946 1954)
- French Union's French Far East Expeditionary
Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries
- Efforts to regain French colony resisted by local
forces - Vi?t Minh, led by H? Chí Minh
- Geneva accords end conflict and French withdraw
- Subsequent developments set stage for the Vietnam
war
10The Sinai Campaign, 1956
- Egypt closes the Israeli port of Eilat
- Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal (1956)
- October 29, 1956 joint French, British, Israeli
invasion to capture canal - March 1957 U.S. sides with USSR to force
withdrawal of invading forces
11Algeria Sundering of France?(1954 1962)
- Effectively started by members of the National
Liberation Front (FLN) on 1 November 1954 during
the Toussaint Rouge ("Red All Saints' Day"), - De Gaulle's return to power (1958)was supposed
to ensure Algeria's continued occupation and
integration with the French Community, - De Gaulle organized a vote for the Algerian
people. - Algerians voted for independence
- March 1962 Evian Accords resulted in the
independence of Algeria.
12Leaving NATO Military Command Development
Independent Strike Force(De Gaulle 1966)
- Frustration over U.S.- Britain domination of NATO
military command structure - force de frappe provides independent Strike Force
- Aair-based component around the newly developed
Dassault Mirage IV strategic bomber - short-range Pluton and Hadès missiles, designed
to be launched from the front lines at
approaching Soviet armies
13French Arms Sales
- Fourth place among global arms merchants (after
USA, Britain Russia ) - Reached 9.7 billion in 2009
- Provide 50,000 jobs in France
- Best Customers
- Brazil
- Saudi Arabia
- Morocco
14Competitiveness of French Military
- Second Persian Gulf War (1991)
- second largest European contingent was from
France, with 18,000 troops - 6th Light Armored Division placed under control
of U.S. - Highly dependent of USA logistic capabilities
- Bosnia-Kosovo (1999)
- French reluctant to support USA with commitment
of troops - Heavy reliance on air power and sophisticated
logistics reveal deficiencies in French military
15Sarkozy Maneuvering to Rejoin NATO
- French interests served by reintegration into
NATO - Modernization of military
- Defense against terrorism
- Influence with militaries of EEC member states
- Non-negotiable condition important role for
French generals in NATO command structure
16French Military in Afghanistan
- 2,000 French troops participate in the fight
- more than 3,800 Afghan Army officers have been
trained by French instructors. - Financing approximately 16 of the EU
contributions earmarked eradication of poppy
remains the most serious challenge for the
country.
17France in Libya Foreign Defense Policy in 2011
- Sarkozy pressures U.S. and EU to gain
international support to protect civilians - French military plays major role in NATO campaign
that brought down Gaddaffi
- French forces pounded Libya's air defenses and
patrolled its skies