Davis Social Links FIND: Facebook-based INternet Design

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Davis Social LinksFIND Facebook-based INternet
Design
S. Felix Wu Computer Science Department University
of California, Davis wu_at_cs.ucdavis.edu http//www
.facebook.com/sfelixwu http//dsl.cs.ucdavis.edu
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Future Internet Design

• We only know a little bit about what we dont
  want.
• We really need to know the requirements of the
  future!

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Future Internet Design

• We only know a little bit about what we dont
  want.
• We really need to know the requirements of the
  future!
• What are the possible future applications and why
  will the current Internet architecture be
  insufficient?

gap
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Internet
SMTP
33130 Autonomous Systems 311755 Address
Prefixes announced
BGP DNS
http//bgp.potaroo.net/cidr/
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Unique Routable Identity
Destination Identity is the ONLY thing you need
to communicate with that particular identity!
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Unique Routable Identity
SMTP

• Any identity (email address, IP, url) can
  communicate with any one else.
• Email, web, bittorrent, warcraft, skype

Destination Identity is the ONLY thing you need
to communicate with that particular identity!
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Properties

• Unique global network-layer identifier
• IPv4/v6 addresses
• Global connectivity
• The primary job of BGP
• 311755 Address Prefixes announced

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The emails I received typically each morning
Spam as just an example
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SMTP
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SMTP
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We are trying to make the information of social
context and relationship explicit!
SMTP
Eric
Felix
Dualism
Justin
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SMTP
Eric
Felix
Facebook
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SMTP
Existing Applications
Native DSL Applications and Games
Wrapper
Eric
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Community Oriented Keywords
Name-ID resolution
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
DSLoFB
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SMTP
SoEmail
Eric
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Community Oriented Keywords
Name-ID resolution
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
DSLoFB
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What should be the social context for this
interaction?
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Internet
SMTP
33130 Autonomous Systems 311755 Address
Prefixes announced
BGP DNS
http//bgp.potaroo.net/cidr/
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Social-Control Routing
SMTP
3
2
1
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Social/Application
SMTP
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Social/Networking
Relationship-Oriented Networking
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2
1
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Social/Networking
Relationship Graph Abstraction/Dynamics
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2
1
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Social-View of Network-Layer DDoS
Remapping, Soft Binding, Trust-based
Prioritization
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Relationship-Oriented Network

• Everything is a social node
• E.g.,
• Your Facebook profile
• URL XYZ
• Your own email message
• Composition (text, forwarded text, URL)
• Author of the message

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RON

• Packets - Relationships (Cisco)
• Graph! (abstraction/aggregation of the
  application activities at that moment or over a
  period of time)
• Security applications
• Pricing models
• Lower layer network route (ISP)
• Mapping

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Social Network has its potential value in
communication!!
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The value of the Social Network

• Social Network has its own unique value in
  facilitating human communication
• A concern about a network losing its value
• while we are unsure about how to quantify the
  true value

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Social Network Games
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http//apps.facebook.com/fightersc/ongoingfights
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Fighters Club

• A couple millions users
• A Coalition game like Warcraft
• Team members who are Facebook friends receive
  higher fighting powers
• 1400 new friendships established daily
• 10 of users with gt95 friendships purely based
  on this game.

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Open Issues

• What is the value of this social network?
• How would this value be distributed and
  allocated to each individual peers?
• MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn didnt define the
  game for network formation and value
  allocation.
• But, it is important to design the game such that
  the OSN will eventually converge to a state to
  best support the communities.

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http
Roughly your friends (or friend2s)
Anybody with an IP address
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40 to 300 to 350 millions
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http
Roughly your friends (or friend2s)
Quality of the Friendship may have been out of
control
A typical politician in Taiwan has about 3K FB
friends!
Anybody with an IP address
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http
real human social network
Roughly your friends (or friend2s)
online social network
Quality of the Friendship may have been out of
control
A typical politician in Taiwan has about 3K FB
friends!
Anybody with an IP address
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http
What we really want
Roughly your friends (or friend2s)
Anybody with an IP address
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Value of OSN

• How to leverage the value of Online Social
  Network in Computing/Communication?
• Privacy/Confidentiality, Social Ranking
• How to architect the Social Network itself such
  that its value can be protected?
• Trust and Reputation

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Social Computing
Future Applications
Online Social Computing/Networking Service
Infrastructure
FIND
Internet
Network Virtualization
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XYZ???
Considering No IP/IPv6 addresses No DNS/BGP
Routing in the social network layer
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Who is Salma?
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My message to Salma
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My message to Salma
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The Social Path(s)
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doesnt know the address of
B
D
A
C
A has to explicitly declare if there is any
social context under this communication activity
with D! But, D only cares if it is from C
or not!
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Finding
B
D
A
C
A2D, while D is McDonalds! D would like
customers to find the right route. idea
keyword propagation e.g., McDonalds
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Internet Connection

• IP address/Gateway DNS server

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Social Internet Connection

• IP address/Gateway DNS server
• My Direct Friends
• What I should tell my friends about myself

(unnecessary)
SoISP ATT Facebook
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as the Social Peer

• Attributes (available only to direct friends)
• McDonalds Express, 640 W Covell Blvd, D,
  Davis, [phone], Davis Senior High School,
  Community Park, North Davis

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Keyword its propagation policy
Trust
Hop Count
Community Attribute
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Propagating the keywords of
B
D
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Propagating the keywords of
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Propagating the keywords of
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Propagating the keywords of
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation And, I know I am
doing FLOODING!!
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Control the Flooding

• Internet Addresses
• The scale is much smaller (300K)
• Addressing is hierarchical (aggregation)
• Global connectivity was given on day one
• Social Attributes
• Much larger (350M times of Attributes)
• Unstructured naming
• Global social connectivity is being developed by
  the social network itself

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in Community of Davis
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
McDonalds?
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Per-Keyword Propagation Policy

• For each keyword, we will associate it with a
  propagation policy T, N, A
• T Trust Value Threshold
• N Hop counts left to propagate (-1 each step)
• A Community Attributes
• Examples
• gt0.66, 4, Davis K via L1
• gt0, , K via L2

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Social/Community Attributes
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
McDonalds? Answer
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Community
B
D
A
C
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Community
B
D
A
C

• A connected graph of social nodes sharing a set
  of community attributes

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We lost Global Connectivity!

• We cannot propagate all the keywords too far
  away for the concern of scalability.
• Global reachability is sacrificed.
• But, Less might well be More
• In between deny and allow by default
• Communication is mutual!
• As an example, if we want to communicate with a
  certain far-reach region as our mission, then
  we will send a missionary there on OSN!

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reaching Western Africa
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Connecting to Western Africa
Sending a missionary there Socially!
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Now Finding
Q McDonalds
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C

• Search Keyword McDonalds
• A might know Ds keyword via two channels
• (1) Somebody else (2) From its friends
• Questions does D need an identity? Scalable?

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We also lost unique identification

• At least, at the social network and keyword layer!

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Phishing Attacks

• Today, somebody would trick us to believe that
  they are the official Bank of America!
• In DSL, ANYBODY can claim to be BoA as long as
  they announce the magic keywords.
• So, we are Phishing by Default.

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Why not?

• Relying on IP ( BGP), URL, DNS, and trusted
  browser plus uncompromised Javascripts and
  captures might not be terribly secure anyway.
• We need end-to-end mutual authentication for
  certain applications, and more importantly, at
  the application layer!
• Different applications have different security
  requirements!

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Application Tests

• Example 1 credential-oriented
• PKI certificate as the keyword
• If you can sign or decrypt the message, you are
  the ONE! (BTW, not all applications need this!)
• Example 2 service-oriented
• Service/protocol/bandwidth support
• Example 3 offer-oriented
• Please send me your coupons/promotions!

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Finding
Application Test
Q McDonalds
B
D
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
K McDonalds
A
C
Search Keyword McDonalds Questions is this
the right McDonalds?
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Routable Identity

• Application identity Mgt Network identity
• Network identity Rgt Network identity
• Network identity Mgt Application identity

Application Entity
Application Entity
DNS
BGP
Network Entity
Network Entity
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App/Route Identity

• Application identity Mgt Network identity
• Network identity Rgt Network identity
• Network identity Mgt Application identity
• Keywords (MF-R)gt Multiple Paths
• Application identity selection
• Network route selection

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Social Control Layer
Application Entity
Application Entity
Network Route Selection
Social Entity
Social Entity
Dualism
AL-BGP
Network Entity
Network Entity
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Hijackable Routable Identify
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Application Test ltgt Layer 3
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App/Route Identity

• Application identity Mgt Network identity
• Network identity Rgt Network identity
• Network identity Mgt Application identity
• Keywords (MF-R)gt Multiple Paths
• Application identity selection
• Network route selection

The end user will have some control via the
social layer!
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URI versus ADC

• URI (Unique Routable Identity)
• We assume that our destination target is bound to
  an URI.
• We assume that both the MAPPING (e.g., DNS) and
  ROUTING (e.g., BGP) are correct.
• ADC (Application Dependent Credential)
• The lower layer (like search engine) will give us
  a few options to click.
• The application (or the user) will then choose
  the one (or ones).

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A couple issues

• How to establish the social route?
• How would A know about D (or Ds identity)
  ?
• How to maintain this reputation network?
• KarmaNet A Feed-back Trust Control System

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D decides, and rewards/punishes
Pktcgtd
A
B
C
D
Trust(DgtC)
Trust(CgtB)
Trust(BgtA)
Pktbcd
Pktabc
Pktab
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Trust Structure
We want to stabilize these decentralized values
such that they can be used to effectively choose
the best route.
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Routing with Trust
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Simulation study of 100K nodes
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Pairwise 1-way Trust
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Trust/Reputation Systems

• performance and responsiveness to dynamics (of
  trust and reputation)
• Assuming no oracle or human reset (and we might
  not have ground truth in real-time anyway).
• operations and management
• Bounded/unbounded for life-time expected attack
  instances
• Versus bounded for a fix period of time
• Probabilistic versus Deterministic

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SMTP
Existing Applications
Native DSL Applications and Games
Wrapper
Eric
Felix
Social Context
DSL Kernel
Community Oriented Keywords
Name-ID resolution
Policy/Reputation-based Route discovery
Facebook
DSLoFB
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DSL is an old idea!
A
B
And, I certainly dont have the answer yet

• We, as human, have been using similar social
  communication principles. Maybe it is a good
  opportunity to re-think about our cyber
  communication system.
• Re-consider the current Internet architecture
• Global Connectivity vs. Mutual Interest
• Unique Routable Identifier vs. Application
  Dependent Credential

F
A
B
F
F
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Remarks

• Social-Centric Networking
• Packet/Flow Relationship
• Trust Management
• Social Network in Progression/Development
• Softer/Fuzzy Resolution via Keywords
• Name, Content, Identification
• Semantic Analysis
• Social Network Control to Bridge the Gap

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Future Applications
Online Social Computing/Networking Service
Infrastructure
Bridging the between end users and the network!
FIND
Internet
Network Virtualization
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ISP SCSP(Social Community Service Provider)
SMTP
Internet old/new Applications
3
2
1
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Status

• DSL OSN kernel FAITH ProtoGENI
• The Social Computing Service Layer
• Social Search Engine
• SOaaS (Social Computing as a Service)
• Mapping into Cloud Computing
• Social Applications
• SoEmail, MinB, Calendar, Chat-Room, Games
• Social-Enabled Networking
• FIND (Content-Centric Networking, e.g.)
• How will the L-3 routers leverage the SOaaS?
• New Network Layer Algorithms/Architecture

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Status

• FIND GENI
• Facebook platform plus a suite of applications
• You are welcome to join!
• http//dsl.cs.ucdavis.edu/

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Acknowledgements

• NSF/FIND, GENI, ARO/MURI, CTA, Intel