Development of Selective Automatic Systems for Prevention and Elimination of Out-of-Step Operation Using PMU

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RUSSIA GERMANY
Development of Selective Automatic Systemsfor
Prevention and Elimination of Out-of-Step
OperationUsing PMU
Nikolai VOROPAI Dmitry EFIMOV Dmitry POPOV
Christian REHTANZ Ulf HÄGER
International Scientific Technical
Conference Actual Trends in Development of Power
System Protection and Automation 7-10 September
2009, Moscow
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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• Development of selective automatic systems
  intended to prevent and eliminate out-of step
  operation
• Using in those systems the synchronized voltage
  phase measurements from PMU
• The operation criteria and principles of the
  Selective Out-of-Step Protection and Prevention
  Systems (SOSPPS)
• Related Problems

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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study
• Conclusion

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

HOW DOES IT WORK?

• WHAT DO WE NEED?
• for any OSPS the way to recognize out-of-step
  operation
• for Selective OSPS (SOSPS) the relays of active
  power direction
• for OSPS with Prevention function (SOSPPS) the
  ways of connection/disconnection of generators
  and loads in EPSs

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• With magnitude of current
• With Phantom schemes (comparing the measured
  and calculated voltages)

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• With angle and angular speed of equivalent
  generators (using equal area criterion, or
  compensating impedances)
• ...
• Directly from PMU

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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

Secure state
Dangerous state
Cut-set unloading
Elimination of out-of-step conditions by
disconnecting a cut-set
Emergency state(out-of-step conditions)
Generation unloading, automatic frequency load
shedding in disconnected subsystems
Post-emergency state
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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• For Cut-set Unloading Stage
• For Division Stage
• ?

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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• Let
• Then
• or
• And finally for Division Stage

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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• Option 1 at switchgears of power plants
• Much more stable (smooth) change of angles in
  transient
• When out-of-step operation the cut-set in a
  whole have to be tripped
• Option 2 at the ends of transmission lines
• Only certain lines are to be tripped to avoid
  out-of-step operation
• Irregular behavior of voltage angles prevents
  to numerical derivation
• Which lines of the cut-set are to be equipped
  with PMU?

-

-
?
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Disturbance Tripping of tie line 8-5 (one system)

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

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Time behavior of ? , d?/dt and d2?/dt2for
the tie 8-5

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• grad,
• grad/s grad/s2

in the absenceof control actions
when maximum permissible unloading the cut-set
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Time behavior of ? , d?/dt and d2?/dt2for
the tie 202-100

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• grad,
• grad/s grad/s2

in the absenceof control actions
when maximum permissible unloading the cut-set
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• Simplified network model with the following data
• 31 nodes
• 6 interconnecting lines
• 2 PMUs
• Fault Scenario 1
• Transit of 3000 MW
• Both 750kV lines out of operation
• Fault on interconnecting line
• Line gets tripped 150 ms later
• Automatic reclosing 500 ms later
• Fault current relights
• ? final tripping 150ms later
• Fault Scenario 2
• Transit of 3000 MW from
• Both 750kV lines out of operation
• Fault on internal line within IPS/UPS
• Line gets tripped 150 ms later

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

IPS/UPS
UCTE
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Situation without Defense Plan

• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

Situation with Defense Plan
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• Points of Interest
• Out-of-Step Protection Systems
• Out-of-Step Operation Recognition
• Principles of SOSPPS Designing
• Criteria for Actions of SOSPPSs Stages
• PMU Allocation
• Case Study 1
• Case Study 2
• Conclusion

• As any monitoring tool PMUs should be installed
  at the most sensitive places of EPS.
• Existing PMUs can not be used for transient
  stability analysis when installing far from
  generators.
• To become the universal monitoring tool future
  PMUs must be able to measure also angular
  derivatives.