Dengue fever: a worldwide crisis

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Dengue fever a worldwide crisis
Used with permission from Microsoft

• Abigail Jeffers
• MPH Student
• Walden University
• PUBH 6165-4 Environmental Health
• Dr. Robert P. Marino
• Winter Quarter 2010

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agenda

• Expected learning outcome
• Understand cost to society
• Recognize impact on health
• Develop effective control
• Describe infection routes
• Audience
• WHO
• CDC
• Government
• General population
• Purpose of presentation

Used with permission from Microsoft
3
What is it?

• Mosquito-borne viral disease
• DENV-1
• DENV-2
• DENV-3
• DENV-4
• Endemic to Tropical regions
• No cure
• DHF

Used with permission from Microsoft
Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2010). Epidemiology. Retrieved from
http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
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Cause of dengue fever

• Bite from infected Aedes aegypti mosquito
• Stagnant water
• Poor surveillance
• Poor Control
• Poorly constructed homes
• Solid waste disposal

Used with permission from CDC
World Health Organization. (2009). Dengue and
dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from
http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en
/
5
Lifecycle of aedes aegypti
Used with permission from Hopp Foley, 2001
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Endemic regions
Used with permission from World Health
Organization. (2009). Dengue and dengue
hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from
http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en
/
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Symptoms treatment

• Fever 105ºF
• Rash
• Headache
• Backache
• Petechiae
• Ecchymoses

• Supported care
• Acetaminophen
• Rehydration
• Blood pressure control
• Transfusions

Used with permission from Microsoft
Used with permission from Microsoft
Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama,
A. Seneviratne, S.L. (2010). Dengue Viral
Infections. Indian J Dermatol, 55(1)68-78. DOI
10.4103/0019-5154.60357
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prevalence

• 100 million cases per year

Used with permission from Microsoft
Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html
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incidence

• 2.5 billion people
• 2/5 of the world's population
• 500,000 DHF cases
• 120 million travellers

Used with permission from Microsoft
World Health Organization. (2011). Dengue/dengue
hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from
http//www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/
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morbidity

• Children
• Elderly

Used with permission from Microsoft
Schwartz, E., Weld, L.H., Wilder-Smith, A., von
Sonnenburg, F., Keystone, J.S., Kain, K.C.,
Torresi, J. Freedman, D.O. (2008). Seasonality,
annual trends, and characteristics of dengue in
ill returned travelers, 19972006. Emerging
Infectious Diseases, 14(7)1081-1088. DOI
10.3201/eid1407.071412
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mortality

• 2.5 of children
• gt20 w/o proper treatment
• 22,000 deaths per year

Image shows the gut of a mosquito filled with
blood during feeding. Used with permission from
CDC
Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2010). Epidemiology. Retrieved from
http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
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outbreaks

• 2007 Venezuela
• 2007 Puerto Rico
• 2008 Brazil
• 2009 Cape Verde
• 2010 The Americas

Used with permission from Google images
Ribeiro, P. (2009). 2008 Dengue fever outbreak in
Rio de Janeiro . Retrieved from
http//gobrazil.about.com/od/denguefeverinbrazil/a
/denguerio.htm
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Cost to society

• Funds availability
• Decreases GDP
• Economic strain
• 1.8 billion annually
• Loss of income

Used with permission from Microsoft
Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html Guble
r, D.J. (2006). Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever
history and current status. U.S. National Library
of Medicine, 2773-16. Retrieved from
http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17319151 Suaya,
J.A., Shepard, D.S., Siqueira, J.B., Martelli,
C.T., Lum, L.C., Tan, L.H., Kongsin ,S., Jiamton,
S,. Garrido, F., Montoya ,R., Armien, B., Huy,
R., Castillo, L., Caram, M., Sah, B.K., Sughayyar
,R., Tyo, KR. Halstead, S.B. (2009). Cost of
dengue cases in eight countries in the Americas
and Asia a prospective study. American Journal
of Tropical Medicine Hygiene, 80(5)846-855.
Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
19407136
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Prevention and control

• Eradicating the mosquitoes
• Eliminating stagnant water
• Use of mosquito pesticide
• Testing of blood products

Used with permission from Microsoft
Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama,
A. Seneviratne, S.L. (2010). Dengue Viral
Infections. Indian J Dermatol, 55(1)68-78. DOI
10.4103/0019-5154.60357
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challenges

• Community involvement
• Physicians knowledge
• Increased air travel
• Urbanization

Used with permission from Microsoft
Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html
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references

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
  (2009). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
  http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/faqFacts/fact.html
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
  (2010). Epidemiology. Retrieved from
  http//www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html
• Gubler, D.J. (2006). Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic
  fever history and current status. U.S. National
  Library of Medicine, 2773-16. Retrieved from
  http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17319151
• Gurugama, P., Garg, P., Perera, J., Wijewickrama,
  A. Seneviratne, S.L. (2010). Dengue Viral
  Infections. Indian J Dermatol, 55(1)68-78. DOI
  10.4103/0019-5154.60357
• Ribeiro, P. (2009). 2008 Dengue fever outbreak in
  Rio de Janeiro . Retrieved from
  http//gobrazil.about.com/od/denguefeverinbrazil/a
  /denguerio.htm
• Suaya, J.A., Shepard, D.S., Siqueira, J.B.,
  Martelli, C.T., Lum, L.C., Tan, L.H., Kongsin
  ,S., Jiamton, S,. Garrido, F., Montoya ,R.,
  Armien, B., Huy, R., Castillo, L., Caram, M.,
  Sah, B.K., Sughayyar ,R., Tyo, KR. Halstead,
  S.B. (2009). Cost of dengue cases in eight
  countries in the Americas and Asia a prospective
  study. American Journal of Tropical Medicine
  Hygiene, 80(5)846-855. Retrieved from
  http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407136

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References

• Schwartz, E., Weld, L.H., Wilder-Smith, A., von
  Sonnenburg, F., Keystone, J.S., Kain, K.C.,
  Torresi, J. Freedman, D.O.(2008). Seasonality,
  annual trends, and characteristics of dengue in
  ill returned travelers, 19972006. Emerging
  Infectious Diseases, 14(7)1081-1088. DOI
  10.3201/eid1407.071412
• Ugonabo, N., Valdovinos, C. (2008). Assessing
  the impact of treatment of septic tanks with
  expanded polystyrene beads on Aedes aegypti
  larval and adult mosquito emergence. Retrieved
  from http//www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaS
  ites2008/Nkem_Cristina20Valdoinos/ugonabon_valdov
  inosc_dengueproposal.htm
• World Health Organization. (2009). Dengue and
  dengue hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from
  http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en
  /
• World Health Organization. (2011). Dengue/dengue
  hemorrhagic fever. Retrieved from
  http//www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/

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supplemental reading

• Ballenger-Browning, K.K. Elder, J.P. (2009).
  Multi-modal Aedes aegypti mosquito reduction
  interventions and dengue fever prevention.
  Tropical Medicine and International Health,
  14(12)1542-1551. doi10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.023
  96.x. Use the Walden Library Academic Search
  Premier database, and search using the articles
  Accession Number 2010496140
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
  Diseases. (2009). Dengue Fever.
  http//www.niaid.nih.gov/TOPICS/DENGUEFEVER/RESEAR
  CH/Pages/Default.aspx

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Thank you!!!
I sincerely appreciate the time that you have
devoted to my presentation. If you have any
questions, I will be happy to answer them.
Used with permission from Microsoft