A Strategic Approach to Violence Reduction: An Overview for Project SAFE Cabarrus

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A Strategic Approach to Violence Reduction An
Overview for Project SAFE Cabarrus

• Jim Frabutt, Ph.D.
• Center for Youth, Family,
• and Community Partnerships
• University of North Carolina at Greensboro
• PSN Research Partner for the Middle District of
  North Carolina

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The Center for Youth, Family, and Community
Partnerships at the University of North Carolina
at Greensboro is the Project Safe Neighborhoods
Research Partner for the United States Attorneys
Office, Middle District of North Carolina.

• Research Team
• Jim Frabutt, Ph.D.
• M.J. Gathings, M.A. Candidate
• Damie T. Jackson, B.S.
• Mike Carmichael, M.A.
• These efforts are currently supported by Project
  Safe Neighborhoods funding (180-1-03-001-BB-094)
  awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice through
  the North Carolina Department of Crime Control
  Public Safety, Governors Crime Commission.
  Research efforts from 2002 through 2005 were
  supported by Project Safe Neighborhoods funding
  (Award 2002-GP-CX-0220) through the U.S.
  Department of Justice, Office of Justice
  Programs.
• For additional information about this
  presentation, please contact James M. Frabutt,
  Ph.D., 330 South Greene St., UNC-Greensboro,
  Greensboro, NC 27401 (336-217-9736) or by email
  jmfrabut_at_uncg.edu.
• March 2006

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Using Data/Research as a Guide

• Emphasis on data problem-solving makes PSN
  distinct from other projects
• Requires an active role from task force partners
• Illustrate patterns, trends, and change over time
• Identify leverage points for action and
  intervention
• Evaluate strategic programs and interventions

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A Research Partnership to Understand the Crime
Problem

• 1. The Facts
• (Who? What? When? Where?)
• 2. The Context
• (Surrounding circumstances)
• 3. The Explanation (Why?)

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Setting Some Parameters

• Review Timeframe
• January 1, 2004 June 30, 2005
• Focus Offenses
• Homicides, Aggravated Assaults, Robberies, and
  Felony Gun Charges

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Strategic Review of Data

• 10-year Trend Data on Focus Offenses
• Demographic Profile for Focus Offenses
• Survey of Police, Sheriff, Probation/Parole
  Officers, and District Attorneys Office
• Actual Review of Crime Incidents
• Offenders, victims, locations, etc.

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Cabarrus County Focus Offenses
Sheriff Concord Kannapolis
269 326 257
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Snapshot Violent Offenses Sheriffs Department

• 5 homicides, including non-negligent manslaughter
  offenses (2)
• 221 assault offenses (82)
• 32 robbery offenses (12)
• 11 offenses were sexual in nature (4)

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Snapshot Offender Demographics Concord PD

• Race
• African American 205 (55.7)
• Caucasian 135 (36.7)
• American Indian 1 (0.3)
• Unknown 27 (7.3)
• Sex
• Male 321 (87.2)
• Female 33 (9.0)
• Unknown 14 (3.8)
• Average age of known offender 25.1 years

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Snapshot Victim Demographics Concord PD

• Race
• Caucasian 227 (55.0)
• African American 129 (31.2)
• Unknown 57 (13.8)
• Sex
• Male 221 (53.5)
• Female 144 (34.9)
• Unknown 48 (11.6)
• Average age of known offender 29.6 years

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Using Survey Data

• Front line survey of Concord PD, Kannapolis PD,
  Cabarrus County District Attorneys Office, and
  Department of Community Corrections.
• Questions of interest
• Who are the most dangerous/violent/chronic
  offenders?
• Are there any specific houses/corners or hot
  spots that need attention more than others?
• Are you aware of any gang/group criminal activity?

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Survey The Most Mentioned

• 167 unique offender names generated
• 18 individuals identified by more than one agency
• 7 individuals identified by either Concord or
  Kannapolis Police and probation
• 2 individuals identified by three separate
  agencies
• Example Two individuals named by more than 40
  of officers surveyed in one department

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Survey Crime Locations and Crime Groups

• Several locations named by one-quarter to
  one-half of those surveyed
• Crime mapping
• Census information
• Known groups of offenders were identified
• Loosely organized groups committing crimes
  together
• Gang affiliated, with growing presence of Latino
  gangs noted

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Mapping Crime Trends/Patterns
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Crime Incident Review Process Putting It All
Together

• December and January
• 25 Attendees
• Concord PD
• Kannapolis PD
• Sheriffs Dept.
• U.S. Attorneys Office
• District Attorneys Office
• Department of Community Corrections
• UNC-Greensboro
• ATF
• Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
  Prevention

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Crime Incident Reviews

• CIRs develop information about crime in the
  community that can be used to develop approaches
  to prevention.
• Criminal justice system partners come together to
  share street level information about crime.
• Identification of patterns can suggest ideas for
  interventions. That is the primary goal of doing
  CIRs.

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CIR Questions and Discussion

• What do you know about the victim?
• What do you know about any associates of the
  victim?
• Was the victim part of a group of active
  offenders?
• What do you know about the suspect(s)/offenders?
• What do you know about associates of the
  suspect(s)/offenders?

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CIR Questions and Discussion

• Was the suspect(s) part of a group of active
  offenders?
• What do you know about the relationship between
  victim and suspect(s)/offenders?
• What do you know about the location of the event?
• What do you know about the motive in this case?
• Was the incident drug-related? How?
• What do you think was behind the event? (final
  summary)

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Name XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY XXXXX, YYYYY
Alias  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ  ZZZZZ
Pistol           DOC DOC        
DOB 10/31/1979 10/31/1979 10/31/1979 10/31/1979 10/31/1979 Age Age 27 27 27 27

Home Address 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC 1234 ABC Street Kannapolis, NC
PPO                      
Last Charge Date of Charge Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004 Federal Drug Conspiracy 10/03/2004
Snapshot History Points Points Charges Charges Dates Dates Firearms Firearms Violent Violent Felonies
Snapshot History                      
Past Arrest History 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI, 1/7/93 AWDWWITKISI Robbery w/dangerous weapon (guilty 25 year sentence) 6/26/93, possession stolen firearm (NPC) 07/16/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 11/18/93, PWISD cocaine (guilty) 04/22/05, Poss drug paraphernalia, Poss/Manufacture Schedule II Poss. Schedule VI,
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Impact of Crime Incident Review

• Communication
• System Functioning
• Intelligence
• Reviews of Offender Groups
• Directions for Further Research

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Converging Data
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Strategic and Accountable

• Strategic about which issues/areas/individuals to
  focus on
• Strategic about how we use our limited resources
• Human
• Financial
• Accountable for our progress through evaluation
  and monitoring
• Make changes and improvements as necessary