Reconstruction (1865-1876)

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Reconstruction (1865-1876)
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Essential Question

• In what ways did Reconstruction begin to help
  African Americans in the South?

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• What does it
• mean to
• RECONSTRUCT something?

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Key Questions
1. How do webring the Southback into the Union?
4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe
process ofReconstruction?
2. How do we rebuild the South after
itsdestruction during the war?
3. How do weintegrate andprotect
newly-emancipatedblack freedmen?
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President Lincolns Plan

• 10 Plan
• Pardon crimes for Confederate officers
• to convince them to join union
• accept end to slavery
• Replace majority rule with loyal rule in the
  South.
• Plan would be recognized when 10 of the voting
  population in the 1860 election had taken an oath
  of loyalty

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Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

• By Radical Republicans
• Wanted terms much more difficult for southern
  whites to accept
• made it impossible for Confederate states
• RESULT Less confederate states would return to
  Union

SenatorBenjaminWade(R-OH)
CongressmanHenryW. Davis(R-MD)
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13th Amendment

• Ratified in December, 1865.
• Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
  as punishment for crime whereof the party shall
  have been duly convicted, shall exist within the
  United States or any place subject to their
  jurisdiction.
• Abolished slavery

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President Andrew Johnson

• Elected after Lincoln was assassinated

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President Johnsons Plan (10)

• Made most Confederate states eligible for pardons
  if they became loyal
• Created easy terms so Confederate states could
  return to their place in Union
• States had to hold constitutional convention
• Write new constitution to void
• Slavery
• Ratify 13th Amendment
• Stop payments of state war debts

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Things didnt work out

• Many Southern state constitutions fell short of
  minimum requirements.

• Revival of the South

BLACK CODES
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Black Codes

• Purpose
• Guarantee stable labor
• Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers
• Plantation owners would rent land to black
  families.
• Give 1/3 of crop to plantation owner

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Emergence of Sharecropping

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Freedmens Bureau
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Essential Question

• In what ways did the Freedmens Bureau meet
  resistant from Southerners during the beginning
  of Reconstruction?

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Freedmens Bureau (1865)

• Congress forms the Freedmens Bureau.
• Counteracts the Black Codes
• Called carpetbaggers by white southern
  Democrats.

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Freedmens Bureau (1865)

• Organized to help ex-slaves with
• Food
• medical care
• resettlement
• education

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Carpetbaggers

• Term in which Southerners gave to Northerners who
  moved to South during Reconstruction
• Carpetbaggers were
• seen as sneaky
• Northern outsiders with
• questionable objectives

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Freedmens Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes
Plenty to eat and nothing to do.
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Successes of Freedmens Bureau

• Gained support quickly from African Americans
• Elected as officials by African American voters
• Built
• Schools
• Churches
• Modernize the South

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Struggles of Freedmens Bureau

• Were accused of having ulterior motives
• Were not looking out for the best interest of
  African Americans

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Freedmens Bureau School
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Slavery is Dead?
1866- Ku Klux Klan Whites attack on
Reconstruction Between 1868-1871 whites launched
a counterrevolution against the changes of
Reconstruction
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DocumentaryMarshall TwitchellA representative
of the Freedmens Bureau working in Louisiana

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• 5 min

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EXIT TICKET

• Do you think the creation of the Freedmens
  Bureau helped or hindered the struggle for
  equality for African Americans?

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The Road to EqualityEssential Question

• How did the 14th and 15th Amendment allow for
  change during the Reconstruction Era?

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14th Amendment

• Ratified in July, 1868.
• Provide a constitutional guarantee
• for rights of freed people.
• Southern states would be punished
• denying the right to vote to black citizens!

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15th Amendment

• Ratified in 1870.
• The right of citizens of the United States to
  vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
  United States or by any state on account of race,
  color, or previous condition of servitude.
• It gives black males the right to vote.

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WORD SPLASH

• Amnesty Act
• Compromise of 1877
• Andrew Johnson
• Abraham Lincoln
• 14th Amendment
• 15th Amendment
• Freedmens Bureau
• Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Carpetbaggers
• Scalawags
• Ku Klux Klan
• sharecroppers
• Tenant farmers
• Rutherford Hayes

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Reconstruction Effects Radical Reconstruction
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Essential Question

• What were the political, social and economic
  changes that occurred during the Reconstruction
  Era and how did these reforms impact African
  Americans and white southerners?

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The First StepsPolitical

• Three Reconstruction Acts are passed.
• Military Reconstruction Act
• Command of Army Act
• Tenure of Office Act

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Reconstruction Acts of 1867

• Military Reconstruction Act (1st)
• Divide the 10 unreconstructed states
• into 5 military districts.

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Reconstruction Acts of 1867

• Command of the Army Act (2nd)
• President issue all Reconstruction
• orders through
• the commander of the military
• Tenure of Office Act (3rd)
• The President could not remove any officials
  without the Senates
• consent
• Designed to protect radicalmembers of Lincolns
  government.

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• Black Senate House Delegates
• African Americans began to be elected to public
  offices

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Social Steps

• Organized conventions to fight for
• Right to vote
• Equal access to schools
• Transportation
• And to use public facilities
• Slave marriages began to have legal standing
• Maintained strong family ties
• through churches

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Economic Steps

• Type of work didnt really change
• African Americans found
• jobs in
• Cities
• Women became
• domestic servants
• Sharecropping

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John R. Lynch and Legislation

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EXIT TICKET

• Wrap up 3-2-1
• Write down
• 3 ways that life improved for African Americans
• 2 problems African Americans still faced
• 1 reason that white southerners were upset

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End of Reconstruction
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Essential Question

• What ways did Reconstruction begin to end?

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The Invisible Empire of the South
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The Failure of Federal Enforcement

• Enforcement Acts of 1870 1871 also known as
  the KKK Act.

• The Lost Cause.
• Gave federal government
• power to punish violators.

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The Amnesty Act of 1872

• It removes the restrictions placed on Confederate
  office-holders.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1875

• Prohibited discrimination for any reason
• Shortcoming ? lacked a strong
  enforcement mechanism.
• No new civil rights act was attemptedfor 90
  years!

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1876 Presidential Tickets
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Hayes Prevails
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A Political Crisis The Compromise of 1877

• Southern Democrats wanted Federal Troops out of
  South
• Federal Troops pushed and continued
  Reconstruction
• Southern Democrats wanted Reconstruction to end

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The Compromise of 1877

• Presidential election between Hayes and Tilden
• Tilden won
• However Hayes promised if he was President he
  would remove federal troops from southern states
• Democrats allowed for Hayes to become President
• Federal troops left the South

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EXIT TICKET

• If there really was an end to Reconstruction and
  African Americans were given the same rights as
  whites, why was there a Civil Rights Movement
  almost 90 years later?