Five Kingdoms of Living Things

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Five Kingdoms of Living Things
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Each living thing must have all of the following

• Produce waste as it uses nutrients
• Get and use energy to breathe, move, and grow
• Grow and Develop during its lifetime
• Reproduce to make the next generation
• Change as it reacts to the environment
• Have a lifespan (or Life Cycle)
• Be made up of at least one Cell

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Scientists divide all living things into 5
Kingdoms

1. Protist
2. Monera (or Bacteria)
3. Fungi
4. Plant
5. Animal

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The 5 Kingdoms

• Taxonomy
• a. the science of identifying, naming, and
  classifying
• Classification
• a. the act of placing objects in groups based
  on characteristics
• Scientists use both of these to organize living
  organisms.
• The largest group living things are placed in is
  a kingdom (there are 5).
• The smallest classification group is the species.
  The second smallest is the genus.

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Protista

• Complex, single-celled life forms (eukaryotic)
• Usually can only be seen through a microscope
• Can be parasites that cause disease
• Can make its own food or feed on other living
  things
• A protist has a nucleus.
• Examples amoeba, paramecium, simple algae

paramecium
ameba
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Monera (Bacteria)

• Simple single cells (prokaryotic)
• Shaped like rods, spirals, and round balls
• So small they can only be seen through a
  microscope
• No nucleus!
• Example bacteria

Bacteria
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Protista and Monera

Eukaryotic (complex)
Most are single celled
Prokaryotic (simple)
Producers Or consumers
protista
monera
living
Examples Kelp, ameba, paramecium
No nucleus
Has a nucleus
Bacteria
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Fungi

• Many-celled organisms
• Absorb food from living or dead things
  (consumers).
• Parasitic plants (They are not true plants
  because they do not have chlorophyll to make
  their own food.)
• Examples mushrooms, bread mold, penicillin,
  mildew, and yeast

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Plants

• Many-celled
• Contain chlorophyll used to make their own food
  (producers) and gives them a green color
  (photosynthesis)
• Have cell walls and large vacuoles
• Divided into two main groups vascular and
  nonvascular plants

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Vascular and Nonvascular

• Tall
• Has roots, root hairs, stems, tubes
• Some have flowers, fruit, seeds
• Chlorophyll
• Some reproduce by spores
• Have a cell wall
• Need water, air, sunlight

• Short
• Do not have roots, leaves, flowers, root hairs,
  stems, fruit, tubes, seeds
• Chlorophyll
• Reproduce by spores
• Have a cell wall
• Need water, air, sunlight
• Have rhizoids that hold them in place but do not
  absorb water or nutrients

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Vascular Vs. Non-Vascular
has roots
short
chlorophyll
have root hairs
no roots
vascular
non-vascular
Have plant cells
can be tall
Have vacuoles cell walls
Dont have leaves, stems, or seeds
anchored to dirt
Make their own food
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Animals

• Divided into 2 main groups
• 1. Invertebrates animals without backbones
• 2. Vertebrates animals with backbones

Vertebrate
Invertebrate
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Some have an exoskeleton
Have backbones
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Exo means outside
No backbones
Have an endoskeleton
Endo means inside
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Fish

• Physical features
• Fins
• Gills
• Cold-blooded
• Scales
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Vertebrates
• Facts Fish breathe. Fish lay eggs.

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Amphibians

• Physical Features
• Moist, slimy bodies
• Live on land AND in water
• Breathe with gills as well as lungs (sometimes in
  different stages of life)
• Cold-blooded
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Vertebrates
• Facts They lay eggs in moist places. They may
  have gills that develop into lungs.

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Reptiles

• Physical Features
• Dry, scaly skin
• Cold-blooded
• Breathe with lungs
• Spend most of their time on land
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Vertebrates
• Facts There are 4 types lizards, snakes,
  turtles, and alligators/crocodiles.
• Most lay eggs.

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Birds

• Physical Features
• Warm-blooded
• Covered with feathers
• Live on land, in trees, on water
• Dont have front legs
• Have wings
• Have short, soft feathers called down
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Vertebrates
• Facts Birds have beaks. Most fly. Few live in
  cold weather. They have hollow bones. Some have
  webbed feet.

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Mammals

• Physical Features
• Warm-blooded
• Have hair/fur to keep warm
• Breathe with lungs
• Give birth to live young, lay eggs, or have
  babies in pouches (marsupials).
• Feed or nurse their young (milk glands)
• Can be carnivores (meat eaters), herbivores
  (plant eaters), or omnivores (plant/meat eaters)

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• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Vertebrates
• Facts
• Keep steady body temperatures.
• Some have fat/blubber to keep warm (whales).
• We are mammals!
• Temperature does not affect their activity
  levels.

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Sponges

• Physical Features
• Live in water.
• Have no heads or faces.
• Have small openings, or holes (for breathing).
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts Sponges are the simplest invertebrates.
  Most sponges in kitchens are artificial.

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Mollusks

• Physical Features
• Have soft bodies like worms.
• Have two body openings.
• Some have a mantel (hard protective covering). A
  snail does an octopus does not.
• Some have a strong muscular foot (not feetjust
  one foot).
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts There are 3 types snails, scallops, and
  octopus. They are found in fresh/saltwater or on
  land.

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Spiny-Skinned Animals

• Physical Features
• Have spines that cover their bodies.
• Have tube feet.
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts They live in oceans. They can pull off a
  scallops shell to eat the soft animal inside!

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Hollow-Bodied Animals

• Physical Features
• Have a hollow center lined with digestive cells.
• Have tentacles with sting ray cells.
• Have a mouth.
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts ERT find out characteristics of this
  animal group.

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Flatworms Roundworms

• Physical Features
• They feed on other plants or animals (parasites).
• Can be round or flat. Roundworms live in soil.
  Flatworms live in salt/freshwater.
• Flatworms have one hole. Roundworms have two.
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts They are more simple than segmented
  worms.
• Tape worms can grow up to 72 feet!

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Segmented Worms

• Physical features
• Have two openings for digestion.
• Have a segmented body.
• Have a brain, heart, and blood.
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts They are found in soil or fresh/saltwater.

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Arthropods

• Physical Features
• Have an exoskeleton.
• Have jointed legs.
• Have segmented bodies.
• Most have eyes and feelers called antennas.
• Classification Groups Animal Kingdom,
  Invertebrates
• Facts They live in fresh/saltwater or on land.
  Insects, arachnids (spiders/ticks/scorpions), and
  crustaceans (lobsters/crabs/shrimps)
• are included in the Arthropod group.
• They are the largest animal group
• that exists.

crabs
Arachnid (tarantula)
insect
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Can you compare and contrast the 5 kingdoms?
Moneran Protist Fungus Plant
Animal
Many- celled Vertebrates invertebrates
Many- Celled 2 main Groups Vascular Non- vascular
One-celled Has a nucleus more complex than
monera
Most are many- celled
One-celled with no membrane
Bacteria
Paramecium