GROVER CLEVELAND

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GROVER CLEVELAND
1885-1889 Democrat Lived 1837-1908 (71) VP -
Thomas A Hendricks New Jersey
AKA Big Steve and Uncle Jumbo
Public office is a public trust.
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I. Political Issues
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A. (1) Election of 1884
VS.
Grover Cleveland James Blaine
(Democrat) (Republican)
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1. 3rd party Candidates

• a. Greenback Party Benjamin F. Butler
• Prohibition Party John St. John
• b. Neither of these parties received any
  electoral votes.
• c. Why are 3rd parties important?
• (2.) Some third-party goals eventually become
  planks (important issues) in the platforms of the
  major parties.

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REPUBLICANCampaign of 1884
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2. Republican Ticket

• a. Presidential nominee
• James G. Blaine
• b. Vice-Presidential nominee
• John A. Logan

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c. Three-Way Split

• i. Stalwarts supported Grant for a third term
  (remember, they were against civil service
  reform).
• ii. Half-Breeds moderate government reformers.
  Supported Blaine fully (He was considered the
  leader of the Half-breeds)

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• iii. Mugwumps (Indian word for big chief)
• -Opposed Blaine after the Mulligan Letters came
  out, which implicated him in graft from railroad
  interests.
• Because of Blaines nomination, they gave their
  support to Cleveland (these republicans supported
  the Democratic candidate!!!! Aghhhh)

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d. Attack on Cleveland

• i. The campaigns of both parties turned from
  focus on issues of concern and more to personal
  morality.
• ii. Republicans ran with a story from the Buffalo
  Evening Telegraph that exposed a pre-marital
  affair and an illegitimate child of Cleveland.

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The Republican chant Ma, Mawheres my
pa?Going to the White House, ha ha ha!
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DEMOCRATIC Campaign of 1884
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3. Democratic Ticket

• a. Presidential Nominee
• Grover Cleveland
• b. Vice Presidential Nominee
• Thomas Hendricks
• (Died in his sleep in
• 1885- no known cause
• Other than being 66
• yrs old way back in 1885!!!)

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c. Attack on Blaine

• i. Democrats ran with the charges of graft
  against Blaine
• ii. The Democratic chant
• Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine! Continental
  liar from the state of Maine!

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Blaine was a Half-Breed Republican who was for
Civil Service reform however, because of
business corruption, he lost a lot of Republican
support (Mugwumps) to Cleveland.
Blaine in 1884
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(1) Election results
Cleveland wins with 219 electoral votes.
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B. Clevelands First Term

• 1. First Democratic elected since 1856.
• 2. Cleveland ended fraudulent grants to some 80
  million acres of Western public lands. (remember-
  they had to live on and farm the land??)
• 3. Vetoed hundreds of pension bills that would
  have sent federal funds to undeserving Civil War
  vets.

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• Public money appropriated for
• pensions...should be devoted to the
• indemnification of those who in the
• defense of the Union and in the nations
• service have worthily suffered, and who
• in the day of their dependence resulting
• from such suffering are entitled to the
• benefactions of their Government.
• - Cleveland

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4. Major Legislation

• a. Presidential Succession Act (1886) Provided
  that on the death, incapacity, or resignation of
  both the president and vice-president, the line
  of succession to the presidency would fall to the
  cabinet in chronological order of the creation of
  each department.
• Why do you think this was passed??
• Will be replaced by PSA of 1947 and the 25th
  Amendment (1964)

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Growing Labor Movement Issues

• The Knights of Labor had been a strong early
  labor union- remember, they let almost anyone in
  (men, women. Black, white, skilled. Unskilled)..
  They will not last long

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(4)Haymarket Square Riot- (1886)

• Tuesday May 4, 1886 in Chicago, it
• began as a rally, a peaceful public
• meeting in support of Striking
• workers. which became violent.
• An unknown person threw a bomb at
• police as they marched to disperse the meeting.
  The bomb blast
• and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of
  seven police officers
• and an unknown number of civilians. 8 anarchists
  were tried for
• murder. 4 were put to death, and 1 committed
  suicide in prison.
• The EFFECT? This bad media attention hurt the
  Knights Of Labor membership- causing their
  downfall.

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(5) American Federation of Labor

• It was founded in Columbus, Ohio
• in 1886 by Samuel Gompers
• The AFL stressed foremost the
• concern with working conditions,
• pay and control over jobs, relegating
• political goals to a minor role
• The AFL organized only skilled workers in
• craft unions and became an organization of
• mostly white men.
• They used STRIKES to get their way

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II. Economicissues
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A. Major Economic Legislation

• (7)Wabash v. Illinois (1886) Supreme Court
  reversed its Munn v. Illinois decision, ruling
  that state governments could not regulate RRs.
• Who do you assume this will hurt??

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• 2. (8)Interstate Commerce Act (1887) created
  the Interstate Commerce Commission (the first
  regulatory agency) to regulate interstate
  railroad rates.
• a. Ensured that rates () were fair and
• just
• b. Put an end to rebates
• c. Problem It Lacked enforcement power- if
  someone broke the new law there was nothing
  anyone could do

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B. Tariff Issue

• 1. After the Civil War, Congress raisedtariffs
  to protect new US industries.
• 2. Big business wanted to continue this
  consumers did not.
• 3. 1885 ? tariffs earned the US 100
• mil. in surplus!
• 4. Tariffs were a major issue in the
• 1888 presidential election!

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(12) Railroads Effect on Native Americans

• The railroad made it possible for more settlers
  to move to the west, which killed off more of the
  buffalo herds, and forced more native Americans
  onto reservations- because their main LIFE SOURCE
  was gone

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III. Social issues
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A. Minority Issues

• African Americans
• a. Believing African Americans were
• inferior, he opposed integrated
• schools in New York.
• b. In believing that government
• should not interfere with what he
• regarded as a social problem, he
• opposed efforts to protect the
• suffrage of African Americans.

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• Chinese
• a. He worked to limit Chinese
• immigration and to prohibit those
• who had left the United States to
• visit relatives in China from
• returning.
• b. The principal difference between
• Chinese and European immigrants,
• he believed, was the Chinese
• immigrants unwillingness to
• assimilate into American society.

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• b. (9) Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
• i. Provided for the breakup of
• reservations, distributing 160 acres of
• farmland or 320 acres of grazing land to
• those Indians agreeing to the Acts
• terms. TO ASSIMILATE THEM!!
• ii. The Indians would become U.S.
• citizens after 25 years.
• iii. Leftover land would be sold to other
• U.S. citizens and RR companies. This
• led to the loss of much of the Native
• Americans land.

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• 3. Native Americans
• a. In Cleveland's view, the Native
• Americans were wards of the nation,
• like wayward but promising children in
• need of a guardian.
• b. He sought to assimilate them into
• white society by means of
• education, private land
• ownership, and parental
• guidance from the federal
• government.

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Dawes Act

• 160 acres to Native Americans on reservations
  they had to farm it and after 25 years they could
  become citizens of the US

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4. Women begin a fight for the right to vote

• This cartoon shows Susan B. Anthony chasing
  after President Grover Cleveland in her fight for
  women's right to vote

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(14) The Statue of Liberty

• 1. Located in NYCs harbor , on Staten Island
  this gift of
• friendship from France
• serves as a welcome to
• Immigrants at Ellis
• island and is a universal
• Symbol of freedom
• and democracy.
• 2. It was dedicated
• on Oct. 28, 1886.

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(3) Mark Twains Huck Finn was
published (1885)
Contemporary critics and scholars have treated it
as one of the greatest American works of art.
A book about life in the West (which was only
as far west as the Mississippi River at this
time!!!)
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• (11) February 22, 1889 Cleveland signed a bill
  that turned the territories of North Dakota,
  South Dakota, Montana, and Washington into
  states.
• Bringing the
• United
• States
• to 41 states
• (b/c of the Northern Pacific RR)

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(6) Geronimo ("one who yawns"),

• He was born in 1829 in what is today western New
  Mexico, but was then still Mexican territory. One
  of the most pivotal moments in Geronimo's life
  was in 1858 when he returned home from a trading
  excursion into Mexico. He found his wife, his
  mother and his three young children murdered by
  Spanish troops from Mexico. This reportedly
  caused him to have such a hatred of the whites
  that he vowed to kill as many as he could. In
  1875 all Apaches west of the Rio Grande were
  ordered to the San Carlos Reservation. Geronimo
  escaped from the reservation three times and
  although he surrendered, he always managed to
  avoid capture. (6) Geronimo's final surrender in
  1886 was the last significant Indian guerrilla
  action in the United States. Geronimo died on
  Feb. 17, 1909, a prisoner of war, unable to
  return to his homeland.

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(13) The Flatiron Building was one of New York
City's first skyscrapers

• The "invention" of the skyscraper lies with
  George A. Fuller (1851-1900).
• The steel industry built by the Bessemer process
  and Andrew Carnegie's monopolization, helped
  cities grow up instead of out
• Combining several innovations steel structure,
  elevators, central heating, electrical plumbing
  pumps and the telephone, skyscrapers came to
  dominate American skylines at the turn of the
  century.

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(10) Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

• A simple harbor on the
• island of Oahu, Hawaii,
• west of Honolulu. Much of
• the harbor and
• surrounding lands
• is a United States
• Navy deep water
• naval base
• Headquarters of the
• U.S. Pacific Fleet.
• Good Trade location
• and
• military position

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C. Looking Backward

• 1. Written by Edward Bellamy in 1887 published
  the next year.
• 2. Tells the story of a man who traveled in time
  from 1887 to 2000, finding that in the future,
  America was a Socialist country.
• What was 2000 really like?

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Fun Facts

• 1885 - Dr. Pepper introduced
• Coca-Cola was advertised for the first time,
  claiming to cure anything from hysteria to the
  common cold!
• Grover Cleveland's 1st daughter died at age 12 of
  diphtheria and is supposedly the namesake of the
  Baby Ruth candy bar!!!