Ling 390 - Intro to Linguistics - Winter 2005 Class 1 - Monday, January 3, 2005

1
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• Phonological rules interact with morphology since
  morphology can modify the environment where a
  sound occurs by adding more phonological/morpholog
  ical substance

Preglottalization
continuant ? CG / ___ word
voice
Tapping
Aspiration
continuant ? SG / X ___ syllabic
voice stress
condition X ? s
2
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I
3
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• Rhythmic lengthening in Choctaw - First we have
  to identify morphemes and any possible
  alternations (allomorphs or allophones)

4
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• Ugh! Now more data

5
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• Lets look at all the forms now and align them
  sound for sound

• The pattern here is that in all but the first
  word, the 2nd syllable is long. And in the last
  word, the fourth syllable is long (but not in the
  previous 3). We can say that even-numbered
  syllables must be long (does not account for 1st
  word or 5th 6th or 7th word though. So even
  syllables are long UNLESS they are the final
  syllable. Now all data accounted for!

6
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• We can call this rule Rhythmic lengthening in
  Choctaw. Test on more data

7
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• Now show derivations to prove that rule works!

8
Ch 6 Phonological Alternation I

• Neutralization identical phonetic realization
  of distinct phonemic forms.
• Dynamic neutralization (Voicing assimilation rule
  in Eng) in the context of the rule the general
  contrast of voicing in obstruents is suspended,
  and underlying forms that would violate the
  principle of voicing disagreement are actively
  repaired by changing the voicing of the
  rightmost obstruent. (p. 135)
• Static neutralization (Alveolar place
  enforcement) there is no repair because any
  other sound is simply not allowed or illegal in
  English phonology. Basically this is a
  phonotactic constraint
• Some cases of neutralization are not really
  neutralization there is still a maintained
  distinction somehow near neutralization
• Other cases of neutralization in English?
  Tapping!