Aim: What is the cell theory?

1
Aim What is the cell theory? Do Now What is an
organelle? Homework Text Book Pg 182-186
Questions 1-4, Quiz Thursday
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Aim What are all living organisms composed of?

• Do Now Describe the smallest unit of life.
• Homework Test Friday

3
Aim How do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells differ?

• Do Now Write down in a paragraph what you
  believe the first cells on earth were like.
• Homework Text Book Pg 187-190 Questions 1-5

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History of Cell Discovery
5
Cells are???
the basic unit of structure and function in
living things
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History of the Cell

• 1590
• Dutch lens grinder Hans and Zacharias Janssen
  invent the first compound microscope by placing
  two lenses in a tube.

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1665 Robert Hooke Observes cork and names the
small chambers cells.
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Hooke was one of the first people to observe
cells
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He published a book, Micrographia, in 1665. It
had ideas about the life cycle of
mosquitoes origin of craters on the moon fossils
and drawings of microscopic things.
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(No Transcript)
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Thin slices of cork from the cork tree. (tiny
rooms cells) He was really looking at dead
cells what was left was the cell wall.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
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Anton van Leeuwenhoeks simple microscope
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In 1683 He looked at drops of lake
water, scrapings from gums and teeth, and water
in rain gutters He saw tiny moving organisms
and called themanimalcules.
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Bacteria from the mouth
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200 years later
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Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881)

German
botanist 1838
he suggested that
all plants are made of cells
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Theodor Schwann (1810-1882)
German zoologist
1839 suggested that animals,
not just plants are made of cells
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Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) German
doctor 1855 all cells come from cells
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Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

• 1880 1890
• These two scientists pioneered the study of
  bacteria

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Ernest Everett

• 1939
• Writes the textbook Biology of the cell surface

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Lynn Margulis

• 1970
• Proposes the idea that eukaryotic cells are made
  up of organelles that were once free living
  prokaryotes

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The Cell Theory
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The cell theory states All living things are
made of cells
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The cell theory states Cells are the basic
unit of structure and function in living things
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The cell theory states Living cells only come
from other living cells
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The Cell Theory Watch This
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The cell theory states All living things are
made of cells
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The cell theory states Cells are the basic
unit of structure and function in living things
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The cell theory states Living cells only come
from other living cells
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Why are cells so important?

• Cells are a part of all living organisms.
• Every living organism consists of at least one or
  more cells.
• Cells help produce energy and proteins for the
  body.
• Cells are also used to organize bio-molecules
  inside the body.

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How many different types of cells are there?

• There are two different types of cells
• Prokaryotes which contain no nucleus and are very
  basic cells.
• Eukaryotes are complex cells that contain a
  nucleus.
• Each of these cells contains genetic material and
  a cell membrane.
• All cells contain organelles that help the cell
  function.

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Prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells
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Prokaryotic V.S. Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic V.S. Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
• No Nucleus - Nucleus
• No Mitochondria - Mitochondria
• No Lysosomes - Lysosomes
• No Golgi - Golgi
• No Chloroplasts - Chloroplasts
• Small - Large
• Oldest - Complex

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Aim How do organelles functions affect the cell?

• Do Now State three organelles along with how
  their function helps the cell maintain
  homeostasis.
• Homework Quiz Thursday, Castle Learning 7 due
  Monday

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The Cell
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How does the cell protect it self from foreign
invaders?

• The key component of all cells is the plasma
  membrane.
• This membrane is what separates the interior of
  the cell from the outside world.
• This protects the cell from harmful invaders.
• Selectively permeable.

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Where is all of the cells information stored?

• The nucleus is the next most important part of
  the cell.
• Contains the genetic material.
• Genetic material is the instruction manual for
  the cell.
• Also the nucleus is the site where protein
  synthesis begins.

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Where are proteins created in the cell?

• The Ribosome
• Receives instructions for how to create proteins.
• This organelle reads the instructions and creates
  the protein.
• Assembles amino acids chain

42
How does a cell produce energy?

• Mitochondria
• This is the power house of the cell.
• All energy is produced in this organelle. ATP
• One theory, is that this organelle was a
  prokaryotic cell that was engulfed by a cell
  millions of years ago and was used by that cell
  to produce energy. ATP
• Cells may have multiple mitochondria in them.

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Aim How do cells communicate with each other?

• Do Now State two organelles that are involved
  with protein synthesis. Also state what they do
  specifically?
• Homework Vocabulary sheet, Cell poster

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What organelle stores water?

• Vacuole
• Storage area of the cell.
• Plants have larger vacuoles then animal cells.
• This is used for the storage of water, some
  salts, and other substances.

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Once organic molecules are created by the cell
how are they distributed through out the cell?

• Golgi
• This is the shipping center of the cell.
• The Golgi receives certain materials, and its job
  is to determine where these materials need to go,
  and send them there.

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How does a cell destroy foreign molecules?

• Lysosomes
• These contain digestive enzymes and will engulf
  foreign particles and break them down.
• Can be used to digest food or destroy harmful
  substances.

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How do cells communicate with one another?

• Receptor molecules
• These are tiny proteins that are located on the
  cell membrane.
• They are used for communication.
• Specific shaped molecules will bind to them
  sending a message to the cell.

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Receptor Molecules
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Cells
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Animal
Golgi
Lysosomes
E.R.
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
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Home Work

• Text Book read pg 182-184
• Do questions 1-5 on pg 184