All fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have rigid cell walls made of chitin

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• All fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have
  rigid cell walls made of chitin
• What is eukaryotic?
• Fungi have a nucleus and membrane-bound
  organelles
• What is a heterotroph?
• Fungi get their food by eating other organisms or
  their byproducts and cannot make their own food

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• Fungi are heterotrophs, but they cannot catch or
  surround their food.
• So, how do they eat?
• They have to live near or actually on their food
  supply

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• There are 3 ways that fungi get their food
• Some fungi are consumersthese give out digestive
  juices onto their food source and then take in
  the dissolved food
• Many fungi are decomposers that feed on dead
  plants and animals
• Other fungi are parasites that invade a host to
  get their nutrients

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• Fungi can either be unicellular or
  multicellular

Yeast is a single-celled fungus.
Witchs Hat fungus is multi-cellular.
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• Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually
• Sexual reproduction occurs when the fungi
  produces special structures that produces sex
  cells.
• Asexual reproduction occurs 3 ways
• when the fungus breaks into pieces and each piece
  becomes a new fungus
• the fungus making spores (small cells that are
  spread easily by the wind)
• Yeast reproduce through budding

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Zygomycota (Rhizopus)
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Yeast is an Ascomycete Fungus
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Bracket Fungi
Puff Balls
Fungi are classified based on their shape and the
way they reproduce Common members of Kingdom
Fungi
Mushrooms
Bread Mold
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Three major groups of Fungi

• Club Fungi
• Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts,
  smuts, toadstools
• Sac Fungi
• Yeast, morels, truffles
• Zygote
• Water mold, potato blight, mildew, fruit and
  bread mold

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Morels are Ascomycete Fungi
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Truffles are round, warty, fungi that are
irregular in shape. They vary from the size of a
walnut to that of a man's fist. Since the times
of the Greeks and Romans these fungi have been
used in Europe as delicacies, as aphrodisiacs,
and as medicines. They are among the most
expensive of the world's natural foods, often
commanding as much as 250 to 450 per pound.
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Basidiomycete or Club Fungi
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The Role of Fungi in Nature

• Food and Fungi
• Yeasts make bread rise
• Molds are used to make cheese
• Mushrooms on pizza yum!
• Environmental Recycling
• Decomposersbreak down chemicals in dead
  organisms
• Disease-Fighting
• Penicilliummold that produces antibiotics which
  kill bacteria.
• Disease-Causing
• Athletes foot and ring worm
• Dutch elm disease
• Corn smut and wheat rust

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Fruticose
Crustose

• Lichens
• A fungus and algae or autotrophic bacteria living
  together in a mutualistic relationship
• Fungus provides shelter, water, and minerals
• Algae/bacteria provide food

Foliose
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Fungus Plant root Associations

• The hyphae spread out underground and absorb
  water and nutrients from the soil for the plant.
• Plant benefits include
• Improved nutrient/water uptake
• Improved root growth
• Improved plant growth
• Improved disease resistance
• Reduced drought stress

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Cap
Gills
Hyphae
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• Fungi Characteristics
•       1) Multicellular Eukaryote organisms
• 2) Heterotrophs and major Decomposers
•      3) Reproduce sexually and asexually
• Asexually by spores
• Sexually by mating of hyphae filaments
• 4) Cell wall made of Chitin
• 5) Need moist, warm places in which to
  grow.