Art and Literature of the Renaissance

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Art and Literatureof the Renaissance
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Classical Influences
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During the Renaissance, artists returned to the
classical principles of Greek and Roman art.
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Greek art stressed harmony and balance, while
Roman art emphasized realism.
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Donatellos graceful and realistic sculpture of
King David influenced later artists of the
Italian Renaissance.
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Brunelleschi championed an architecture based on
mathematics, proportion, and perspective.
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Michelangelo Buonarroti would later use the
engineering principles developed by Brunelleschi
to design St. Peters Cathedral in Rome.
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New Techniques in Art
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The artist Giotto used shadings of dark and light
to add a feeling of space to his paintings.
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The artists Masaccio and Brunelleschi developed
the rules of perspective, which give paintings a
sense of depth.
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Michelangelo Buonarroti
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Flemish artists developed oil-based paints which
dried slower and were easier to blend.
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Great Italian Artists
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Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)

• painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and
  scientist
• contributed to our knowledge of anatomy, optics,
  and hydraulics

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He used the knowledge gained from dissecting
cadavers to paint human figures more
realistically.
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• When you are finished, please return your trays
  to the cafeteria.

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Da Vinci was interested in how things worked and
used his study of birds to draw flying machines.
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Michelangelo(1475-1564)

• sculptor, painter, architect, and poet
• best remembered for his painting of the Sistine
  Chapel

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Michelangelos sculptures suggest a sense of
tension.
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Pieta
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Although he considered himself a sculptor, he is
often remembered today as the painter of the
frescoes in the Sistine Chapel.
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• St. Peters Basilica,
• Vatican City

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Raphael(1483-1520)

• Renaissance painter who favoured bright colours
• was influenced by the works of da Vinci and
  Michelangelo

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Raphael favored the bright colors traditionally
used by painters from his home region of Umbria.
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• The School of Athens by Raphael.

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Artists of Northern Europe

• were less influenced by classical styles than
  their contemporaries in Italy
• painted the world realistically
• -paid careful attention to detail

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Jan van Eyck(1390?-1441)

• Flemish painter
• called the King of Painters by his compatriots

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Van Eyck painted the world realistically, paying
careful attention to every detail.
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Jan van Eycks paintings often hadreligious
messages.
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Pieter Bruegel was inspired by scenes of peasant
country life.
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Hans Holbein the Younger painted portraits of
nobles and rulers.
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Albrecht Durer(1471-1528)

• famous German artist of the Reformation
• widely known for his illustrations

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Renaissance Literature

• emerging middle class formed a demanding new
  audience
• -enjoyed dramatic tales as well as comedies
• popular literature was often written in the
  vernacular

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Petrarch perfected the form of poetry known as
the sonnet.
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Giovanni Boccaccio(1313-75)

• Best-known work the Decameron
• consisted of 100 stories that make fun of knights
  and other medieval figures
• clear, narrative style served as a model for
  later writers

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The French writer Francois Rabelais used satire
to make fun of narrow-minded monks and scholars.
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Abandon yourself to Natures truths, and let
nothing in the world be unknown to you.

• - Francois Rebelais

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• Miguel de Cervantes was a leading writer of the
  Renaissance in Spain.

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In his novel Don Quixote, Cervantes mocked
medieval ideas of chivalry.
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Quixotes idealism seems to be madness in a world
that views love and heroism as forms of insanity.
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Renaissance Reaches England
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War of the Roses Ends

• A war of succession between the House of
  Lancaster (symbolized by red roses) and the House
  of York (symbolized by white roses).

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Finally settled with Henry VIIof the House of
Tudor became King. (He was related to the House
of Lancaster)
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King Henry VII invited Italian scholars to
England. They taught humanist ideals and the
study of classical texts.
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William Shakespeare(1564-1616)

• leading English playwright and poet

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His themes are universal and still relevant
centuries later
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History of the Globe Theatre
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Christian scholars urged the Roman Catholic
Church to reform.
Martin Luther
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They wanted the Church to return to its early
traditions based on the teachings of Jesus.
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Rise of Humanism in Northern Europe

• They sought to combine humanism with the study of
  Scripture, or Christian Humanism
• Christian Humanism is the belief that individual
  freedom and human dignity are essential parts of
  the Christian faith.
• The Renaissance Reformers relied on early Church
  Fathers such as Justin, Basil and Gregory of
  Nyssa.

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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

• Oration on the Dignity of Man
• In addition, he wrote 900 Conclusions, many of
  which were deemed heretical by the Catholic Church

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DesideriusErasmus(1466?-1536)

• Dutch scholar and priest
• led the Christian humanists
• used witty dialogues to point out the ignorance
  of some clergy

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Erasmus is considered theFather of the
Reformation because of the way his writings
influenced other church reformers.
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Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)

• English scholar and statesman
• believed that literature could be used to serve
  Christian goals

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Mores book Utopia described an ideal society in
which people lived at peace with one another.
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• Unlike other Christian reformers, Sir More
  remained unyieldingly loyal to the Catholic
  Church, even while recognizing it needed clean up
  its act.
• This devotion to the Catholic Church eventually
  ran him into trouble with King Henry VII.

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Unfortunately for Sir Thomas More, and his neck,
things did not end well for him.

• I die the Kings good servant, but Gods first.