Visualization of Word Meanings Using Formal Concept Analysis and Concept Lattices

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Visualization of Word Meanings Using Formal
Concept Analysis and Concept Lattices

• L John Old
• School of Computing
• Napier University
• Edinburgh, Scotland

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• Rogets Thesaurus
• Structure of Rogets Thesaurus
• Using FCA to visualize and explore semantic
  relationships within Rogets Thesaurus
• Indo-European roots
• Using FCS to explore structural relationships
  between roots
• Using FCA to explore relationships between the
  etymological descendants of roots within Rogets
  Thesaurus

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Rogets Thesaurus Conceptual Hierarchy
Class Roman sub-class (R-Class) Letter sub-class
(L-Class) Category Paragraph
POS Sense Entry, entry, entry,
... Crossref
(Word Index)
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Roget Top Level Classes (1963 Edition--RIT)

1. Abstract Relations
2. Space (dimensions)
3. Physics (physical properties)
4. Matter (materials)
5. Sensation (senses)
6. Intellect
7. Volition (motivation)
8. Affections (emotions)

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Under the Hierarchy words are polysemous
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Conceptual Hierarchy - Senses of over (11 of 22)
Abstract Relations
Relation
Quantity
Order
Number
Time
Power
Absolute Relation
Comparitive Quantity
Conjunctive Quantity
Whole- someness
Absolute Time
Relative Time
Power in General
Consecutive Order
Indeterminate Number
Addition 40
Posteriority 117
Impotence 157
Relation 9
Superiority 36
Completeness 56
End 70
Repetition 103
Time 105
Remainder 43
The Past 119
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Sense Index
CATEGORY
PARAGRAPH

• 40. Addition 
• NOUNS 1.
• ADVS. 10. and also, additionally, in addition,
  and all coll., yet, extra, on the side slang,
  moreover, farther, further, furthermore,
  overplus, again, more, similarly, likewise, by
  the same sign, by the same token, item, also,
  then, to boot, and so, as well, too, else, au
  reste F., besides, plus, into the bargain,
  past, on top of, over, above, over and above, at
  that coll., beyond, beside ...
• PREPS. etc. 11 with, including ...

SENSE
Index word
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Word Index
WORD
Index word
over verbs advs. additionally 4010 throughout
56.18 ... preps. concerning 9.12 exceeding
36.20 ... on 227.40 ... OVER
AGAINST overabound ...
PARAGRAPH
CATEGORY
ENTRY40101-over
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Word-Sense Relation
Synonymy
WORDS
SENSES
Polysemy
ENTRY40101-over
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Senses and Synonyms of SEA (synset level)
34.3.4 sea, ocean, oceans, worlds 394.14.2 sea,
heavy swell. 396.1.1 sea, ocean, mere
sea
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Senses of the Synonyms of SEA (synset level)
mere
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mere nested line diagram (full hierarchy)
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Senses (8) and synonyms (49)of agitate
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GIS Lattice map
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Web Map Interface
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Map Server Query
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• Using FCA to visualize IndoEuropean root
  relationships
• Inter-root structural relationships
• Root derivatives (descendants) in Rogets
  Thesaurus

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Grimms Law
GHESLO- gt kilo SKRIBH- gt scribe, enscribe,
script, BHEL-3 gt bloom, flower DHE- gt
do, thesis DHES- gt deus, theology
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Consonant Elements

• Elements
• GH
• BH
• DH
• R, L
• M, N
• W
• (S)
• -(AEIOU)-

SKRIBH- cut, separate
(S)GH-R(-)-BH
GHREBH
KREUP- scab
GH-R(--)-BH
GHREBH
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• IE Root Meaning
• BHERDH- cut
• GHEL-3 cut
• GHER-4 scratch, carve, cut
• GLEUBH- cut, cleave
• KES-1 cut
• Kel-1 strike, cut
• MAI-1 cut
• PEIG-1 cut, mark by incision
• PEU- cut, stamp, strike
• REI-1 cut, scratch, tear
• SEK- cut
• SKEI- cut, split, separate
• SKEL-1 cut
• (S)KEP- cut, scrape, hack
• SKER-1 cut
• SKREU- cut, cutting tool
• SKRIBH- cut, separate
• SMI- cut, work with a sharp tool

Indo European Roots meaning cut
(S)GHE

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Consonant Element Classification of Roots
meaning cut
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Prototypical words descended from cut roots
Root English Descendants BHERDH- BOARD 3 GHEL
-3 GELD 1 GHER-4 GASH 2 GLEUBH- CLEAVE 3 KE
L-1 GLADIATOR 9 KES-1 CASTRATE 4 MAI-1 MAIM 5
PEIG-1 PIGMENT 6 PEU- AMPUTATE 9 REI-1 REAP
7 SEK- SICKLE 11 SKEI- SHED 12 SKEL-1 SC
ULPT 12 (S)KEP- SHAPE 11 SKER-1 SCAR 24 SK
REU- SHRED 5 SKRIBH- SCRIBE 10 SMI- SMITH 1
SWER-3 SWORD 1 TEM- ATOM 8

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English words derived from IE Roots meaning cut
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Sek- a close-up of one cut root

• SEK- gt extended roots skei-, sker-1
• (Pokorny 2. sk- 895)
• Descendant Words
• dissect, insect, intersect, notch, saw,
  scythe, section, sector, segment, sickle, skin
• 11 words in 54 senses in 36 RT Categories

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All Categories of senses of descendants of IE
root SEK-
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Restricted Categories of senses of descendants of
SEK- (Categories with at least 2 SEK-
descendants)
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END
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Cognates De/Eng
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Compounding

• Wheel (circle, ) lt kw(e)-kwl-o- lt kwel kwel lt
  KWEL-1
• turn, move around, revolve
• Quarter (four, ) lt OE fower lt Gc fe(d)wor- lt
• KWETWER- lt KWET- WER-
• poss KWET- strike, shake WER-3 turn, bend