Protein and Amino Acids in dairy cow nutrition production and health

1
Protein and Amino Acids in dairy cow
nutritionproduction and health

• Prof.Dr.Ryad Al -Munajed
• Prof. of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition
  Department
• Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
• Al-Baath- University
• Hama- Syrian
• 2010

2
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• ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???
  ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? .
• ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????
  ,???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?
  ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????? .

3
???? ???????

• ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ,???? ????????
  ?????? (CP ) ,?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????
  ??????
• 1- SIP ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????
  ,???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ,
  ????? ???????? ,
• -??????? - ?????? ???????? ,?????????? ????
  ?????????? ???????? .

4
Degradable Protein

• 2- DIP ???????? ??????? (????? ) ????? ?????
• - ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ,????
  16 ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????
  ??????? ??????? .
• - ???????? ?????? .
• ????? ??? ?????
• - ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??
  ?????.
• ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ??? ????? ?? 50-75 .
• - ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? .

5
Undegradable Protein

• 3- UIP ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
  ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? , ??? ????
  ???
• ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? .
• ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????
  , ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ( ???
  ??????? ) .
• ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????
• ??????? ????? ? UIP ???????? ???? ???????
  ????????
• ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? MP

6
Unavailable protein

• 4- ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????
  ????? ???????? ??????? (???????? ???????? )
  ????? ??
• ADF- N

7
Protein partition in feeds
8
?????????? ?? ???????

• ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??
  ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ,?????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ??
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  ??????????)
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• ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ? ???
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• ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ......????
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• ??? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????............
• ??? ???????? / ???????? ????????? ? ??????
  ????????
• (?????? ????? ... ) .

9
????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
10
???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????

• ?????? ??? ?????????? 105/1 ml RL
• ????? ??? ???????? 109
• ???? ????? ?????? ??????
• ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
  ????????? ???????

11
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12
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13

• ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
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  ??? 16 ???? ??????? .
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• ???????? ???????
• ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? . ? ??? ???????
  ????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ?
  ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???????? ? ???????
  ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? .

14
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• ? ??????????? ? ???????????? (????
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• ? ?????

15

• ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????.... ????
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• ? ???????? (???? ?????? , ????? ??????? ,
  ????????? ??????? ..... )
• ?????????? ???????
• ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???
• ????????? ? ????????? .

16
?????? NH3
?????? ????
???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? NH3 ?????? ???????
?????
?????
?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????(??????)
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????
17
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18
(No Transcript)
19
????? ????? WEENDE
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???? ?????? ??? 105 ?
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????? ??????? KOH 1.25
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N)(56.25
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20

• ???? ??????? ??????
• ?? ???? ????? ?????
• ????? NH3 ????? ??? ???? (??? ??????
  ????? ?????? )
• ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ( 30
  ????? 100 ) ? / ?????
• ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????
  ???? ???? ??????
• 22 g MP / 100 g OSD 0
• ??? 100?? ???? ????? ?????? / 22?? ??????
  ???????
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  ??
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  ??????? ??? ?????

21

• ??? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
• ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ????????
• - ??????? ???????? NH3 ???? ??????
  (???????? ???????? )
• ?? ??????? ????? ????? NH3 ?? ???? ????? ?????
  
• ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????
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• ???????? ??????? ? ????????
• ??? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
• ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????
• 70 ????? ?????????? ??????
  ????????

22

• NH3 ?????? ?????? ??????
  ?????????
• ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? 5 20 ??
  /100 ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? 10
  - 15 ?????? ??? ?? ???????
• ????????? ??? ( 40 100 ?? /100 ?? ????? ??? )
• ????? ????????? ???? ?? 100 ?? ????? ??? ???? .
• ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ???
  ?????
• ??? ?? NH3 ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
• ? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? (
  30- 100 ? /??? ) .
• ? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? .
• ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????
  ?????? ??????? .

23

• ???? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ???????? ????? 22 ? ?????? ?????? /
  100? ???? ????? ??????
• ????? ??????? ???????? ????????
• ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? 30
• ?????? ??????????
• ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???????? (?????
  ?????????? )
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• ??? ???? ???????
• ????????? ????????
• ???? ????? ?????

24
????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????

• ???? ????? ???? ?????? ... ? ... ????? ?? ??????
• - ????? ?????? ???????? ????? 43?????
  ??????? 72.
• ???? ???? 55 ,????? ???????? 60 .
• - ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ,????????? ??????
  ????? , ??????
• ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? . ????? ?? ?????
• ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? , ?????? ??
  ??????? .
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? 0,5 ?/100? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?????? ?? 76??? 38 ?? ??? ????? ????? ??
  ????? .
• ?????? ?????? ?????? 0,3-1,2 ?????? ?? 1,2
  ??? ??? ????? ??? .
• - ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????
  ?????? ????????? ???????? ....

25
???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???????
????? ???? RP?? ??????? ???? ???? RP ?? ????? ?? ?????
???? ????? 11.2 44
???? ??????? 16.4 54
???? ??? ?????? 15.8 55
????? ?????? 15.2 54
??????? ??????? 12.5 58
?? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? 45 ?? ?????? ??
??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
26
????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????
??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ?????
???? ?????? KJ/KG TM 13618 11942 9637
???? ?????? ????? G/100 G TM 1.97 2.10 1.85
???????? ??????? (??N?? 100? ?? ????? ????? ) 286 106 76
?? DAPS/100? ?? ????? ????? 2.1 0.9 0.7
?? ???????
?? ?????
27
????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????
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????? ??????? (?????) 43
????? ??????? (????? ) 37
????? ??????? (?????) 72
????? ??????? ????? ???????) 28
28
????? ?????? ??????? ??????

• ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????
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• ??? ???????
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• ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????
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• ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????
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• ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ...
  ?? ?????
• ??????? ????? ??????? ( ) . ???????? ????
  ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????
• ????? ????? ??????????

29
???? ?? N ADF ?

• 1- ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? .
• 2-?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? .
• 3-?????? ??????? ?? ????? .
• 4-????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????
  ??????? ????? 5-10 ?? ?????? ????? .
• 5-????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????
  .

30
????? ?????? ???????? ??????

• ????? ????? ????? .
• ????? ???? ?? 55-90 .
• ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? .???
  ???? ?????? ?? 86-93 .

31
????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
??????

• ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????
  ??????? .
• ??? ????? ?? ?????? 50-70 ?? ???????? ????? ??
  ??????? ??????? .
• ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ????? .??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
• 1 - ????? ??????? 2- ????? ?????????? ?? ????????
  3-?????????
• 4-???? ?????? ????????
• ??????? , ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ,?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ( ????? ??????) .

32
??????? ???????? ?????????

• ???? ???? 60-80 ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? .
• ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? 60-70 .
• ????? ???? ?????? ????? 85 .
• ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? .
• ???? ????????? ??? ??????? 3,3 1 .
• ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????
  ???????? .
• ????? ???? ?????? ... ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????
  ?????? .
• ?? ???? ??????? ... ?????? ????? ?????? _???????
  .

33
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????

• ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ATP gt
• ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????
  ????????? .
• ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? .
• ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ( ???? ?????? ) /
  ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? .
• ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? .
• ????? ???? ?????? .

34
Risk factors for too much DIP

• Assumed fed DIP values were wrong
• Excessive intake of SIP
• Feeding excessive amount Berseem
• Feeding excessive amount of legumes silage
• Bad management of urea feeding
• Rumen CHO/ protein imbalance
• High DIP/Low fermentable CHO

35
?????? ???????? EAA

• ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????
  ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? .
• ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ????? ???? ?????????? ???? .
• ???????? ?????? Lya ? Meth
• 1-?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????
  ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ????? 15 , ?????? Meth ?? 5-5,5 .
• 2-?????? ????? ???? ?? 31 .

36
??????? ???????????

• ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????
  ?????? ?? ????? ??????? , ??????? ??? ???????
  ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ????? ??????? .
• ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????
  ????? ????? ??????? ,??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????
  ,??? ?????? ?????? ,????? . ?? ???? ?????? ???
  ????? ??? ??? . ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????
  ???? ?????? .

37
Associated problems with excessive intake of DIP

• Extra ruminal NH3-N
• Extra blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Extra milk urea nitrogen (MUN)
• Extra urinary nitrogen losses
• Increased energy cost
• Loose manure
• Decreased animal performance
• Reproductive problems
• Economical losses

38
Consequences of imbalanced protein and
carbohydrate fractions on microbial yield (pell,
1992)
Situation Growth
Low DIP/low CHO Lack nutrients to maximize growth Slow but balanced? Healthy sluggish bugs
Low Dip/High CHO Excess acids ??rumen pH Slow with stressed, inefficient bugs
High DIP/Low CHO NH3 wasted due to low CHO Slow with wasted protein
High DIP /High CHO Optimum if no ? rumen pH Healthy, fast growing bugs
39
Amino acids
Essential amino acids Those amino acids that
the cow can not make in sufficient quantity to
meet her needs
Non essential amino acids Those amino acids
that the cow can make in sufficient quantity to
meet her needs.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
40
Essential Amino acids
Methionine(1ST limiting) Arginine Isoleucine
Histidine Tryptophan
Lysine (2nd limiting) Valine Leucine Therionine
Phenylalanine
41
Rumen function AA supply
Rumen microbial escape mass
Propionate Butyrate
Escape starch
AA
Glucose
Small peptides AA
G.I.Tract
Propionate
Glucose
AA
Liver
Muscle
Mammary gland
Lipid
Urea
42
Responses to altering the supply of MethLys
Milk protein is more sensitive than either
milk production or kg of milk protein produced
Lys as of total EAA in duodenum for maximum
milk protein content is about 15
Similar value for Meth is 5 - 5.20
Lys Meth ratio about 31
43
LYS MEth of feeds ( as of EAA )
Lys
Meth Ratio
Milk prot. 16.0
5.5
2.91 Tissue 16.3
5.1
3.21 Mic-p 16.6
5.0
3.31 Alf.sil.
11.1 3.8
2.91 Corn.sil.
7.5 4.8
1.61
44
Dairy cow producing 45 kg of milk
Needs
3.18 - 3.64 kg of glucose
0.91-1.14 kg of EAA at the intestinal level
45

• Negative energy balance
• Problems
• Hypocalcaemia
• Clinical (milk fever)
• Sub clinical
• Ketosis (clinical subclinical)
• Acidosis (SARA)
• Laminitis and related foot problems
• Abomasal displacement
• Fat cow syndrome
• Grass tetany
• Diarrhea