History of the Computer

1
History of the Computer
2
The Abacus

• The first abacus was invented around 2600 B.C.
• It is a hand-held wooden device with rows of
  beads, to add, subtract, divide and multiply

3
Digital Calculator

• In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French
• Mathematician and philosopher,
• invents the first mechanical digital
• calculator using gears, called the
• Pascaline.

4
The Analytical Engine

• In 1833, Charles Babbage, a computer pioneer,
  designed the first automatic computing engines

5
Tabulating Machine

• Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first
  electromechanical, punched-card data-processing
  machine which was used to compile information for
  the 1890 U.S. census.

In 1924, Hollerith founded International Business
Machines (IBM).
6
Electronic Digital Computer

• In 1939, Dr. John V. Atanasoff and his assistant
  Clifford Berry build the first electronic digital
  computer. Their machine, the Atanasoff-Berry-Compu
  ter (ABC) provided the foundation for the
  advances in electronic digital computers

7
Programmable Computer

• 1941 - Konrad Zuse introduced the first
  programmable, fully automatic computer. It was
  designed to solve complex engineering equations.
  This machine was called the Z3

8
Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)

• In 1945, Alan Turing joined the National Physical
  Library in London to design an early electronic
  stored-program computer
• His report was the first relatively complete
  specification of an electronic stored-program
  general-purpose digital computer - very detailed
• His proposal supplied detailed circuit designs
  and specification of hardware units, specimen
  programs in machine code, and even an estimate of
  the cost of building the machine
• His design called for a high-speed memory of
  roughly the same capacity as an early Macintosh
  computer (enormous by the standards of his day)

9
UNIVAC 1
In 1951, the UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic
Computer) was designed by J. Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly The first UNIVAC came on line for
the U.S. Government's Census Bureau. The first
commercial customer to purchase a UNIVAC was the
Prudential Insurance Company.
8 UNIVACs were installed and in
operation Bureau of the Census, Commerce Dept.,
Suitland, Maryland Office of the Air Comptroller,
USAF, Washington, D.C. Army Map Service, U.S.
Army, Washington, D.C. New York University (for
Atomic Energy Commission), NY, NY University of
Cal., Radiation Laboratory, Livermore,
California David Taylor Model Basin, U.S.N.
Bureau of Ships, Maryland Prudential Insurance
Company General Electric CompanyElectric Company
10
The Chip

• In 1959, Jack St. Clair Kilby and Robert Noyce of
  Texas Instruments manufactured the first
  integrated circuit, or chip (microchip) and were
  the founders of INTEL
• The microchip enabled the development of personal
  computers, mobile phones and many other electric
  household goods,

11

• The invention of the chip led to the development
  of even smaller chips that produced faster and
  better results
• Up to this point computers were large - mainframe
  computers, including IBMs System 360 designed by
  Gene Amdahl in 1960

12
The Minicomputer

• In 1963, Ken Olsen introduces the first
  minicomputer developed by the Digital Equipment
  Corporation, founded by Olsen
• This was a huge developmental breakthrough in the
  world of technology

13
The Internet

• The internet was brought online in 1969

14
The Altair

• "Ed" Roberts American engineer, entrepreneur and
  medical doctor designed the first commercially
  successful personal computer in 1975.
• The new computer used the new Intel 8080
  microprocessor.

15
Osborne I

• In 1981, Adam Osborne completed the first
  portable computer, the Osborne I, which weighed
  24 pounds and cost 1,795. The price made the
  machine especially attractive, as it included
  software worth about 1,500. The machine featured
  a 5-inch display, 64 kilobytes of memory, a
  modem, and two 5 1/4-inch floppy disk drives

16
Commodore 64

• In 1982, Commodore introduces the Commodore 64.
  The C64, as it was better known, sold for 595,
  came with 64KB of RAM and featured impressive
  graphics. Thousands of software titles were
  released over the lifespan of the C64. By the
  time the C64 was discontinued in 1993, it had
  sold more than 22 million units and is recognized
  by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the
  greatest selling single computer model of all
  time.

17
Apple Computer

• Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak began Apple
  Computer in 1976
• A year later, the Apple II was created and
  included color graphics and which housed its
  electronics inside a plastic case. Programmers
  began creating applications for the Apple II at
  Jobs' urging soon there were more than 15,000
  applications available for the machine. This, the
  first mass marketed personal computer, took Apple
  to a new realm of success.

18
Macintosh

• Apple Computer launched the Macintosh, the first
  successful mouse-driven computer with a graphic
  user interface, with a single 1.5 million
  commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl. Based on
  the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, the Macintosh
  included many of the Lisas features at a much
  more affordable price 2,500.

19
Microsoft

• In 1975, Bill Gates and Paul Allen create
  Microsoft
• In 1980, Gates discovered MS-DOS a computer
  software that would run on any PC computer
• By 1983, Microsoft was going global with offices
  in Great Britain and Japan, and with 30 percent
  of the world's computers running on its software.
  
• In November 1985, Bill Gates and Microsoft
  launched Windows

• Bill Gates stepped down from the day-to-day
  operations of Microsoft in 2000, turning over the
  job of CEO to college friend Steve Ballmer who
  had been with Microsoft since 1980. He still
  remains chairman of the board.
• His last full day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008

20
World Wide Web

• In 1990, the World Wide Web was born when Tim
  Berners-Lee, developed HyperText Markup Language.
  HTML, as it is commonly known, allowed the
  Internet to expand into the World Wide Web, using
  specifications he developed such as URL (Uniform
  Resource Locator) and HTTP (HyperText Transfer
  Protocol). A browser, such as Netscape or
  Microsoft Internet Explorer, follows links and
  sends a query to a server, allowing a user to
  view a site.