Eastern River Valleys

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Chapter 5

• Eastern River Valleys

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Quiz 2

1. What is a kiln?
2. Why did the Indus River Valley civilization
   develop its own unique culture?
3. Discuss how the Indus River influenced the lives
   of the Harappans. Write a paragraph with a TOPIC
   Sentence!!!!

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Eastern River Valley Civilizations
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River Valley civilizations were more isolated
than Egypt Mesopotamia

• Mountains
• Deserts
• Large bodies of water
• Did not trade with other parts of the world

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Eastern River Valley civilizations became self
sufficient

• Able to take care of nearly all their own needs

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Section 1

• The Indus River Valley

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Indus River Valley civilization

• Present day Pakistan India
• Settled by Harappans in 2500 B.C.
• Covered area of 1000 miles (from foothills of
  Himalayas to Indian Ocean
• Twice as large as Mesopotamia or Egypt

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Harappans

• First civilization
• Not first people to settle area

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Harappans life revolved around Indus River

• Fertilized land / rich soil
• Built dikes and dams to control flooding
• Built irrigation system

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Crops included

• Barley, wheat, peas, melons, dates
• Fish from river
• Cotton

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Cotton

• First to grow cotton
• First to spin cotton
• First to weave cotton into cloth
• First to dye with bright colors

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River also influenced city construction

• Built on raised mounds
• Mud from river used to make bricks
• Bricks were sometimes fired (baked) in kilns
  (ovens) this made bricks stronger

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Mohenjo-Daro
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Mohenjo-Daro

• Found by archeologist, R. D. Banerji in 1922
• He found stone seals that led to excavation
• Began digging in 1924

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Archeological findings confirmed
ancient civilization.

• Mohenjo-Daro thrived around 2500 B.C.
• Was southern center of widespread civilization

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http//www.harappa.com/indus4/index.html
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Harappa
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Harappa

• Northern center of civilization
• 400 miles from Mohenjo-Daro

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400 miles between Harappa Mohenjo-Daro
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Lothal

• Ruins of dockyard
• Suggest Indus Valley people used boats for
  transportation
• Could sail through Persian Gulf to Mesopotamia

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City Construction of Mohenjo-Daro Harappa

• Planned community city built to a definite plan
• Hundreds of small buildings homes small shops

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• Laid out in a grid (uniform network)
• Houses were two stories w/ courtyard
• Had bathrooms, wells and drains drains carried
  waste and were cleaned regularly this protected
  health

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Each city had its own citadel (fortress)

• Mound 40 ft. high
• Surrounded by thick wall
• Inside was huge water tank called Great Bath
• Next to Bath was huge granary

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70 other cities have been found covering an area
more than three times the size of California
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What happened to the Harappan civilization

• ?

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Decline of Harappa
Possibility 1

• Maybe
• They used up natural resourcesover farmed the
  land

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Possibility 2

• Maybe
• Cut down too many trees
• to fuel oven (deforestation)

-without trees the floods swept away soil
-city was rebuilt several times (each time it
was built weaker)
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Possibility 3

• Maybe
• Invaders attacked and killed all Harappans

-skeletons of men, women, children have
been found unburied
-all skeletons had evidence of some type
of injury
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http//www.harappa.com/har/har0.html
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Evidence of Lost Civilizations

• Have found writings of the Harappans but hasnt
  been translated
• No records of political history
• Not royal tombs

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• Found jewelry made of gold and lapis lazuli (blue
  stone)
• Found weapons and
• tools of stone,
• bronze, copper
• Found stone
• seals

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Stone Seals

• Pictures of animals
• (tigers, elephants,
• rhinoceri, crocodiles
• suggest jungle)
• Lines of writing
• Small hole necklace
• Found in Sumer
• May have been used to mark property

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• Found clay models of animals
• Rattles
• Dice
• Toy carts
• with movable
• wheels

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This civilization began to change around 1700
B.C.

• 1200 B.C. Aryans
• had taken over