Chapter 2 Health During Infancy Child Hood

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Chapter 2Health During Infancy Child Hood

• Dr. Areefa Albahri

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• Health as defined by the world health
  organization (WHO) is a state of complete
  physical, mental and social well-being and not
  merely the absence of disease or deformity.
• ? One method of assessing the health of children
  within a country is to observe the rates of
  mortality (deaths) and morbidity (illness) over a
  period of time. This gives information about
• 1. Causes of deaths.
• 2. High risk age group for certain disorders or
  hazards.
• 3. Advances in treatments and prevention and
  health counseling.

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Pediatric statistics

• Mortality Statistics describe the incidence or
  number of individuals who have died over a
  specific period of time. Per 100,000 calculate
  from a sample of death certificate.
• Incidence is the number of new cases of a
  condition, symptom, death, or injury that develop
  during a specific time period, such as a year.
  The number is often expressed as a percentage of
  a population. For example, 25 of Palestinians
  were diagnosed with the flu in 2009.
• Infant mortality rate Defined as the number of
  deaths per 1000 live births during the first year
  of life in a certain year .

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Pediatric STATISTICS

• Infant Mortality Rate divided into
• - Neonate mortality birth - 28 days.
• - Postnatal mortality 1 month - 12 months
• There is a dramatic decrease in infant mortality
  rate resulted from
• ? Infectious disease control.
• ? Nutritional advances.
• ? The advert of antibiotic and antimicrobial
  agents.
• ? Recent improvements in perinatal care.

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In Palestine

• The data of the annual report of the Ministry of
  Health 2007 states that the main leading causes
  of infant mortality is respiratory diseases.
  Others including infections (34.7), low birth
  weight births (13.4), congenital abnormalities
  (16.1, and sudden death (4.3). While congenital
  abnormalities constitute the major cause for
  child mortality (under five) followed by
  pre-birth related complications.
• The number of deaths occurring in the first year
  of life is still high when compared with death
  rates at other ages.
• Under Five Years Child Mortality Rate The number
  of death cases among children (aged less than
  five years) per 1,000 children in the age group 0
  4 during a certain year.
• ? Childhood mortality beyond infancy.

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Causes of Deaths-

• 1. Infants
• a. Prenatal conditions such as
• ? Aspiration of amniotic fluids (pneumonia or
  suffocation).
• ? Cord around the neck.
• ? Difficulty labor vacuum delivery and forceps
  delivery.
• b. Congenital anomalies-
• ? Tetralogy of fallout.
• ? Tracheoesophageal fistula
• ? Hydrocephally.
• c. Infection and sepsis.

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• 2. Childhood-
• Accidents - Cancers - Congenital anomalies
  (cystic fibrosis, thalassemia).
• Infection mainly respiratory tract and
  gastrointestinal infections - Malnutrition.
• 3. Adolescence- accidents and suicide.
• Morbidity Statistics describe the prevalence of
  a specific illness in the population at a
  particular time (rate/1000).
• Prevalence The ratio (for a given time period)
  of the number of occurrences of a disease or
  event to the number of units at risk in the
  population.

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• Child morbidity
• ? Acute illness, symptoms sever enough to limit
  activity or require medical attention. It can be
  classified to acute illness (respiratory,
  infections, injuries) or chronic illness or
  disability.
• The new morbidity or pediatric social illnesses
  which include behavioral, psychosocial and
  educational problems (poverty, violence, school
  failure).
• ? Injury related morbidity, intentional such as
  suicide, and unintentional (poisoning, falls,
  fire, accidents

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• Thank You All
• Any Question ??????