(22) Russia collapses in Revolution and Civil War

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(22) Russia collapses in Revolution and Civil War

• The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 and was
  an overthrow of the Russian Czar by the communist
  Red Bolsheviks.
• This is when Russia pulled out of WWI and allowed
  Germany and the Central Powers to not fight a 2
  front war, but to face all fighting on the
  Western Front.

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THE US comes to save the day
America
Great Britain
France
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• BACK
• IN AMERICA

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(25)Daylight Savings Time

• Daylight Saving Time has been used in the U.S.
  and in many European countries since World War I.
  At that time, in an effort to conserve fuel
  needed to produce electric power for war effort
• begins at 200 a.m. on the second Sunday of March
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• ends at 200 a.m. on the first Sunday of November
• That is THIS SUNDAY!!!

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ATTACK ON CIVIL LIBERTIES

• As the war progressed, Civil Liberties were
  compromised
• Anti-Immigrant feelings were openly expressed
  especially anti-German and Austrian- Hungarian
• (21) Espionage and Sedition Acts were passed by
  Congress

• These acts were designed to prevent anti-war
  protests- made it a crime to talk bad about the
  US government but went against the spirit of the
  First Amendment (Free speech)

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(29) The Palmer Raids

• a series of controversial raids by the U.S.
  Justice and Immigration Departments from 1919 to
  1921 on suspected radical leftists in the United
  States. The raids are named for A. Mitchell
  Palmer, United States Attorney General under
  Woodrow Wilson. They were after Hyphenated
  Americans (example German-Americans)
• Schenck vs The US (1920)- a United States Supreme
  Court decision concerning the question of whether
  the defendant possessed a First Amendment right
  to free speech against the draft during World War
  I. Charles Schenck was the Secretary of the
  Socialist party and was responsible for printing,
  distributing, and mailing 15,000 leaflets to men
  eligible for the draft that advocated opposition
  to the draft.
• 2 examples of US citizens losing their
  constitutional rights if it hurts our country

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SOCIAL CHANGE DURING THE WAR

• The greatest effect of WWI on the African
  American population was that it accelerated the
  (23) Great Migration
• The Great Migration was the large scale
  population shift for hundreds of thousands of
  blacks from the south to Northern cities
• They left to escape discrimination and to seek
  greater job opportunities
• Popular destinations included Chicago, New York,
  Detroit and Philadelphia

This African American family settled in Chicago
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(28) Chicago Race Riots

• The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was a major racial
  conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July
  27, 1919 and ended on August 3. During the riot,
  dozens died and hundreds were injured. It is
  considered to be the worst of the approximately
  25 riots during the Red Summer of 1919, so named
  because of the violence and fatalities across the
  nation. With the Great Migration, thousands of
  African Americans from the South had settled in
  Chicago and competed for jobs with the other
  groups that already lived there

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WOMEN IN THE WAR

• Many women were called upon to take on jobs
  previously held by men who were serving in the
  war
• They became railroad workers, cooks,
  dockworkers, factory workers, and miners
• Many women served as volunteers in organizations
  such as the Red Cross
• Their service hastened the passage of the 19th
  Amendment in 1920 giving women the right to vote

Rosie the Riveter was the symbol of womens war
contributions
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THE FLU EPIDEMIC

• In the fall of 1918, the United States suffered
  a home-front crises when a flu epidemic affected
  25 of the population
• Mines shut down, telephone service was cut in
  half, factory work was delayed
• Cities ran short on coffins while corpses lay
  unburied for as long as a week
• The epidemic killed as many as 500,000 in the
  U.S. before it disappeared in 1919
• Worldwide the epidemic killed 30 million people

Seattle, like many other places, became a masked
city. All police wore them, as shown in this
photo from "The Great Influenza"
Get your Flu Shot!!!
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(30) The first Radio Broadcast

• At 600 PM Tuesday, November 02, 1920In the
  United States, KDKA of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
  starts broadcasting as the first commercial radio
  station. The first broadcast was the results of
  the U.S. presidential election, 1920.
• They flipped a switch and began reporting
  election returns in the Harding vs. Cox
  Presidential race. At that moment, KDKA became
  the pioneer broadcasting station of the world.

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End of WWI
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GERMANY COLLAPSES, WAR ENDS
GERMANY COLLAPSES THE GREAT WAR ENDS

• On November 3, 1918, Germanys partner,
  Austria-Hungary, surrendered to the Allies
• That same day, German sailors mutinied against
  their government
• Other revolts followed, and Germany was too
  exhausted to continue

War ends 11/11/18
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The war ends

• So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of
  the eleventh month of 1918,
• (11/11/1918- 11am) Germany signed a truce-
  and eventually the Versailles Treaty officially
  ending the Great War- leaving Germany responsible
  for WWI

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• The Fight for A Peace Treaty

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• Despite the heros welcome he received in
  Europe, Wilsons peace plan would be rejected by
  the US
• Wilsons peace plan was called the 14 points
• 1. No secret treaties
• 2. Freedom of the Seas
• 3. More free trade
• 4. Reduction of arms
• 5. Less colonialism
• 14. League of Nations- an organization to promote
  world peace- all countries would be members

(24) WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACE
Wilsons 14 points in his own short hand
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ALLIES REJECT WILSONS PLAN, SIGN TREATY

• The Big Four leaders, Wilson (U.S.), Clemenceau
  (France), Lloyd George (England), and Orlando
  (Italy), worked out the Treatys details
• Wilson conceded on most of his 14 points in
  return for the establishment of the League of
  Nations
• On June 28, 1919, the Big Four and the leaders
  of the defeated nations gathered in the Hall of
  Mirrors at Versailles, Paris (France) and signed
  the Treaty of Versailles

Hall of Mirrors
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(26)TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• (1)The Treaty broke up the big empires The
  German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and
  the Ottoman Empire empires
• (2)The Treaty established nine new nations
  including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
• (3)The Treaty forbid Germany from maintaining an
  army and building weapons, required them to give
  Alsace-Lorraine back to France, and forced them
  to pay 33 billion in reparations to the Allies

The Big Four met at Versailles
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THE WEAKNESS OF THE TREATY

• The harsh treatment of Germany prevented the
  Treaty from creating a lasting peace in Europe
• The Treaty humiliated the Germans by forcing
  them to admit sole responsibility for the war
  (War-Guilt Clause)
• Furthermore, Germany would never be able to pay
  33 billion in reparations

Germans felt the Versailles Treaty was unfair
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President Wilson's Voyage from France to the
U.S., June-July 1919
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• In the United States, the Treaty was hotly
  debated especially the League of Nations
• Conservative senators, headed by Henry Cabot
  Lodge, were suspicious of the Leagues joint
  economic and military commitments
• Many wanted the U.S. Congress to maintain the
  right to declare war
• Ultimately, Congress rejected U.S. involvement
  in the very League the U.S. President had created

DEBATE OVER TREATY AT HOME
The U.S. never did join the league
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THE LEGACY OF WWI

• At home, the war strengthened both the military
  and the power of the government
• The propaganda campaign provoked powerful fears
  in society
• For many countries the war created political
  instability and violence that lasted for years
• Russia established the first Communist state
  during the war
• Americans called World War I, The War to end
  all Wars --- however unresolved issues would
  eventually drag the U.S. into an even deadlier
  conflict

WWI 1914-1918 22 million dead, more than half
civilians. An additional 20 million wounded.
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How might WWI have affected future international
affairs?
The treaty of Versailles left Germany bitter and
may have led to the future conflicts we know are
just around the bend!!! Aka WWII
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• The 6 Effects of WWI
• US Entry into the war in 1917
• Widespread death and destruction in Europe
• Treaty of Versailles
• League of Nations
• Break-up of German and Austro-Hungarian Empires
• Creation of several new nations