3.02a, 3.02b The Renaissance

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3.02a, 3.02bThe Renaissance
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Contrast these two pictures
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Contrasting Medieval Art and Renaissance Art

• Usually religious subjects
• Primitive use of perspective
• Bright colors, less contrast

• Religious, mythological, and historical subjects
• Linear perspective
• Strong contrast between light and dark

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The Renaissance

• Major changes in Europe caused the medieval
  period to give way to a new period.
• As trade with the East increased, Europeans
  rediscovered the classical knowledge of ancient
  Greece and Rome.

• The knowledge led to a period of creativity and
  learning called the Renaissance.
• A new focus on the individual emerged-contributing
  to new ideas.

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Definition

• In the early 1300s, a movement began in Italy
  that would become known as the Renaissance, or
  "rebirth." The Renaissance was characterized by
  a renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome.

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Causes

• The Black Death had completely shaken European
  society
• Decrease in population allowed farmers to produce
  more food than they needed.
• Food prices declined, people able to spend more
  money on other things
• Growth of large, wealthy city-states
• Ruins of the Roman Empire still reminded Italians
  of Roman glory
• The Crusades brought Europeans in contact with
  Byzantium, whose scholars had preserved Greek and
  Roman learning
• Increased trade with Asia and Africa brought
  Europeans in contact with Arab and African
  achievements

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Rise of City-States

• Wealthy merchants in Italian cities such as
  Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, and Venice became
  patrons of the arts. Examples include Lorenzo de
  Medici and Isabella d'Este.

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The Italian Renaissance

• The Italian Renaissance began in the city-states
  of Northern Italy
• It began in the 14th century

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Humanism

• Italian scholars turned to Classical Greek and
  Roman literature to study grammar, history, and
  poetry
• These studies are called humanities, and people
  who specialized in them were called humanists.
• Renaissance humanists searched out manuscripts
  written in Greek and Latin.
• Focus on worldly rather than spiritual-secular

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The Northern Renaissance

• The Northern Renaissance describes the
  Renaissance in Northern Europe in the 15th and
  16th century
• Trade, the movement of artists and scholars, and
  the development of printing helped spread
  Renaissance ideas northward.

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• Printing Press - Around 1450, the German Johannes
  Gutenberg created moveable type - letters of the
  alphabet on metal plates that could be arranged
  on a wooden press. Chinese and Koreans used a
  similar process using wooden blocks centuries
  earlier, but Gutenberg's invention seems to have
  been independent of the Chinese process.
• The printing press was significant because books
  could now be made quickly and inexpensively.

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Compare/Contrast

• What are characteristics of the Northern
  Renaissance?
• Describe accomplishments and impact of key
  people
• Johannes Gutenberg
• Desiderius Erasmus
• Sir Thomas More
• William Shakespeare
• Christine de Pisan
• Albrecht Durer
• Jan van Eyck

• What are characteristics of the Italian
  Renaissance?
• Describe accomplishments and impact of key
  people
• Baldassare Castiglione
• Niccolo Machiavelli
• Lorenzo de Medici
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Michelangelo Buonarroti
• Raphael
• Bramante

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Pieta, by Michelangelo
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The Last Supper, Da Vinci
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The Last Supper, Da Vinci
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Mona Lisa by Da Vinci
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David by Michelangelo
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Sistine Chapel ceiling, Michelangelo
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School of Athens by Raphael
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Self Portrait, Albrecht Dürer
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The Arnolfini Wedding, Jan Van Eyck
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The Birth of Venus, Botticelli