Neighborhoods

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Neighborhoods
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Megalopolis
Illustrates the difference between strict city
proper definitions and broader urban
agglomerations. To define urbanized areas, the
U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Metropolitan
Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated MSA (CMSA)
if two of them overlap.
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Megalopolis Conurbations

• Megalopolis large coalescing supercities that
  are forming in diverse parts of the world (like
  Boston to Washington, DC)
• Conurbation a continuous, extended urban area
  formed by the growing together of several
  formerly separate, expanding cities (like Raleigh
  to Atlanta)

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• Agglomeration the spatial group of people or
  activities for mutual benefit (business park at
  highway access point)

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City Hierarchies

• Map of city specialties (Fellman 377)
• Map classification of tier of cities US and world
  (Fellman 381)

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• People in cities group themselves based on
• Social status
• Family status,
• Ethnicity
• (Fellman 390)

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Moving in and out of cities

• Urbanization transformation of a population
  from rural to urban status the process of city
  formation and expansion
• Counterurbanization- the net loss of population
  from cities to smaller towns and rural areas

Fellman map of US pop /- 379
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Moving in and out of cities

• Reurbanization the growth of population in
  metropolitan central cores, following a period of
  absolute or relative decline in population
• Gentrification invasion of older, centrally
  located working-class neighborhood by
  higher-income households seeking the character
  and convenience of less expensive and
  well-located residences

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• Redlining lenders identified risky
  neighborhoods in cities, refuse to offer loans to
  those in the districts
• Blockbusting realtors would sell a house in the
  neighborhood to a minority, then encourage the
  white owners to sell, produced white flight
• Racial steering realtors directing clients to
  buy homes in neighborhoods of like ethnicity

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School Segregation
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• McMansions supersized and all alike
• Gated communities

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The Economic Base

• Inside producing goods services for those
  inside the city
• This one circulates money but is revenue neutral
• Outside producing goods services to export
• This one brings money into the city

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The Economic Base

• Basic Sector the combined export economic
  activities
• Service (nonbasic) Sector recirculation
  activities
• Crucial to continual operation of the city
• Professional Offices
• City Government
• Local Transit Systems
• Schools
• Basic/Nonbasic Ratios similar for urban units
  of similar size
• As settlement inc., the number of nonbasic
  personel grows faster than the number of basic.
  With a pop. of 1 mil. 2 non/1 basic
• The multiplier works both ways growth decline
• The size of the multiplier effect is determined
  by the communitys basic/nonbasic ration

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Controls

• Market
• Nonmarket
• Building Codes
• Health regulations
• Zoning
• Sometimes exclusionary
• Asia no zoning
• Functional Zonation