Database Applications -- The UC Berkeley Environmental Digital Library

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Database Applications -- The UC Berkeley
Environmental Digital Library

• University of California, Berkeley
• School of Information Management and Systems
• SIMS 257 Database Management

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Administration
• Database Applications
• Berkeleys Environmental Digital Library

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Final Project Requirements

• See WWW site
• http//sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is257/f02/index.h
  tml
• Report on personal/group database including
• Database description and purpose
• Data Dictionary
• Relationships Diagram
• Sample queries and results (Web or Access tools)
• Sample forms (Web or Access tools)
• Sample reports (Web or Access tools)
• Application Screens (Web or Access tools)

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Final Presentations and Reports

• Specifications for final report are on the Web
  Site under assignments
• Presentations (1 on Nov. 28, Others on Nov 30,
  Dec 5th and 7th (Full))

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Administration
• Database Applications
• Berkeleys Environmental Digital Library

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Terms and Concepts (trad)

• Data Administration
• Responsibility for the overall management of data
  resources within an organization
• Database Administration
• Responsibility for physical database design and
  technical issues in database management
• These roles are often combined or overlapping in
  some organizations

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Database System Life Cycle
Note this is a different version of this life
cycle than discussed previously
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Database Planning DA DBA functions

• Develop corporate database strategy (DA)
• Develop enterprise model (DA)
• Develop cost/benefit models (DA)
• Design database environment (DA)
• Develop data administration plan (DA)

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Database Analysis DA DBA functions

• Define and model data requirements (DA)
• Define and model business rules (DA)
• Define operational requirements (DA)
• Maintain corporate Data Dictionary (DA)

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Database Design DA DBA functions

• Perform logical database design (DA)
• Design external models (subschemas) (DBA)
• Design internal model (Physical design) (DBA)
• Design integrity controls (DBA)

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Database Implementation DA DBA functions

• Specify database access policies (DA DBA)
• Establish Security controls (DBA)
• Supervise Database loading (DBA)
• Specify test procedures (DBA)
• Develop application programming standards (DBA)
• Establish procedures for backup and recovery
  (DBA)
• Conduct User training (DA DBA)

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Operation and Maintenance DA DBA functions

• Monitor database performance (DBA)
• Tune and reorganize databases (DBA)
• Enforce standards and procedures (DBA)
• Support users (DA DBA)

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Growth Change DA DBA functions

• Implement change control procedures (DA DBA)
• Plan for growth and change (DA DBA)
• Evaluate new technology (DA DBA)

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Functions in Database Administration

• Planning and Design (we have already looked at
  theses processes in detail)
• Data Integrity
• Backup and Recovery
• Security Management

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Data Integrity

• Intrarecord integrity (enforcing constraints on
  contents of fields, etc.)
• Referential Integrity (enforcing the validity of
  references between records in the database)
• Concurrency control (ensuring the validity of
  database updates in a shared multiuser
  environment)

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Database Security

• Views or restricted subschemas
• Authorization rules to identify users and the
  actions they can perform
• User-defined procedures (and rule systems) to
  define additional constraints or limitations in
  using the database
• Encryption to encode sensitive data
• Authentication schemes to positively identify a
  person attempting to gain access to the database

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Database Backup and Recovery

• Backup
• Journaling (audit trail)
• Checkpoint facility
• Recovery manager

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Disaster Recovery Planning
From Toigo Disaster Recovery Planning
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Threats to Assets and Functions

• Water
• Fire
• Power Failure
• Mechanical breakdown or software failure
• Accidental or deliberate destruction of hardware
  or software
• By hackers, disgruntled employees, industrial
  saboteurs, terrorists, or others

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Threats

• Between 1967 and 1978 fire and water damage
  accounted for 62 of all data processing
  disasters in the U.S.
• The water damage was sometimes caused by fighting
  fires
• More recently improvements in fire suppression
  (e.g., Halon) for DP centers has meant that water
  is the primary danger to DP centers

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Kinds of Records

• Class I VITAL
• Essential, irreplaceable or necessary to recovery
• Class II IMPORTANT
• Essential or important, but reproducible with
  difficulty or at extra expense
• Class III USEFUL
• Records whose loss would be inconvenient, but
  which are replaceable
• Class IV NONESSENTIAL
• Records which upon examination are found to be no
  longer necessary

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Offsite Storage of Data

• Early offsite storage facilities were often
  intended to survive atomic explosions
• PRISM International directory
• Mirror sites (Hot sites)
• E.g. Cantor-Fitzgerald

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Database Administration
• Database Applications
• Berkeleys Environmental Digital Library

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Berkeley DL Project

• Object Relational Database Applications
• The Berkeley Digital Library Project
• Slides from RRL and Robert Wilensky, EECS
• Use of DBMS in DL project

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Overview

• What is an Digital Library?
• Overview of Ongoing Research on Information
  Access in Digital Libraries

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Digital Libraries Are Like Traditional
Libraries...

• Involve large repositories of information
  (storage, preservation, and access)
• Provide information organization and retrieval
  facilities (categorization, indexing)
• Provide access for communities of users
  (communities may be as large as the general
  public or small as the employees of a particular
  organization)

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Traditional Library System
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But Digital Libraries Are Different From
Libraries...

• Not a physical location with local copies
  objects held closer to originators
• Decoupling of storage, organization, access
• Enhanced Authoring (origination, annotation,
  support for work groups)
• Subscription, pay-per-view supported in addition
  to free browsing.
• Integration into user tasks.

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A Digital Library Infrastructure Model
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UC Berkeley Digital Library Project

• Focus Work-centered digital information
  services
• Testbed Digital Library for the California
  Environment
• Research Technical agenda supporting
  user-oriented access to large distributed
  collections of diverse data types.
• Part of the NSF/NASA/DARPA Digital Library
  Initiative (Phases 1 and 2)

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UCB Digital Library Project Research
Organizations

• UC Berkeley EECS, SIMS, CED, IST
• UCOP/CDL
• Xerox PARCs Document Image Decoding group and
  Work Practices group
• Hewlett-Packard
• NEC
• SUN Microsystems
• IBM Almaden
• Microsoft
• Ricoh California Research
• Philips Research

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Testbed An Environmental Digital Library

• Collection Diverse material relevant to
  Californias key habitats.
• Users A consortium of state agencies,
  development corporations, private corporations,
  regional government alliances, educational
  institutions, and libraries.
• Potential Impact on state-wide environmental
  system (CERES )

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The Environmental Library -Users/Contributors

• California Resources Agency, California
  Environment Resources Evaluation System (CERES)
• California Department of Water Resources
• The California Department of Fish Game
• SANDAG
• UC Water Resources Center Archives
• New Partners CDL and SDSC

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The Environmental Library - Contents

• Environmental technical reports, bulletins, etc.
• County general plans
• Aerial and ground photography
• USGS topographic maps
• Land use and other special purpose maps
• Sensor data
• Derived information
• Collection data bases for the classification and
  distribution of the California biota (e.g.,
  SMASCH)
• Supporting 3-D, economic, traffic, etc. models
• Videos collected by the California Resources
  Agency

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The Environmental Library - Contents

• As of late 2002, the collection represents over
  one terabyte of data, including over 183,000
  digital images, about 300,000 pages of
  environmental documents, and over 2 million
  records in geographical and botanical databases.

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Botanical Data

• The CalFlora Database contains taxonomical and
  distribution information for more than 8000
  native California plants. The Occurrence Database
  includes over 600,000 records of California plant
  sightings from many federal, state, and private
  sources. The botanical databases are linked to
  the CalPhotos collection of California plants,
  and are also linked to external collections of
  data, maps, and photos.

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Geographical Data

• Much of the geographical data in the collection
  has been used to develop our web-based GIS
  Viewer. The Street Finder uses 500,000 Tiger
  records of S.F. Bay Area streets along with the
  70,000-records from the USGS GNIS database.
  California Dams is a database of information
  about the 1395 dams under state jurisdiction. An
  additional 11 GB of geographical data represents
  maps and imagery that have been processed for
  inclusion as layers in our GIS Viewer. This
  includes Digital Ortho Quads and DRG maps for the
  S.F. Bay Area.

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Documents

• Most of the 300,000 pages of digital documents
  are environmental reports and plans that were
  provided by California state agencies. This
  collection includes documents, maps, articles,
  and reports on the California environment
  including Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs),
  educational pamphlets, water usage bulletins, and
  county plans. Documents in this collection come
  from the California Department of Water Resources
  (DWR), California Department of Fish and Game
  (DFG), San Diego Association of Governments
  (SANDAG), and many other agencies. Among the most
  frequently accessed documents are County General
  Plans for every California county and a survey of
  125 Sacramento Delta fish species.

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Testbed Success Stories

• LUPIN CERES Land Use Planning Information
  Network
• California Country General Plans and other
  environmental documents.
• Enter at Resources Agency Server, documents
  stored at and retrieved from UCB DLIB server.
• California flood relief efforts
• High demand for some data sets only available on
  our server (created by document recognition).
• CalFlora Creation and interoperation of
  repositories pertaining to plant biology.
• Cloning of services at Cal State Library, FBI

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Research Highlights

• Documents
• Multivalent Document prototype
• Page images, structured documents, GIS data,
  photographs
• Intelligent Access to Content
• Document recognition
• Vision-based Image Retrieval stuff, thing, scene
  retrieval
• Natural Language Processing categorizing the
  web, Cheshire II, TileBar Interfaces

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Multivalent Documents

• MVD Model
• radically distributed, open, extensible
• behaviors and layers
• behaviors conform to a protocol suite
• inter-operation via IDEG
• Applied to enlivening legacy documents
• various nice behaviors, e.g., lenses

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Document Presentation

• Problem Digital libraries must deliver digital
  documents -- but in what form?
• Different forms have advantages for particular
  purposes
• Retrieval
• Reuse
• Content Analysis
• Storage and archiving
• Combining forms (Multivalent documents)

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Spectrum of Digital Document Representations
Adapted from Fox, E.A., et al. Users, User
Interfaces and Objects Evision, an Electronic
Library, JASIS 44(8), 1993
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Document Representation Multivalent Documents

• Primary user interface/document model for UCB
  Digital Library (Wilensky Phelps)
• Goal An approach to new document representations
  and their authoring.
• Supports active, distributed, composable
  transformations of multimedia documents.
• Enables sophisticated annotations, intelligent
  result handling, user-modifiable interface,
  composite documents.

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Multivalent Documents
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MVD availability

• The MVD Browser is now available as open source
  on SourceForge
• http//sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group
  _id44509
• See also
• http//http.cs.berkeley.edu/phelps/Multivalent/

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GIS in the MVD Framework

• Layers are georeferenced data sets.
• Behaviors are
• display semi-transparently
• pan
• zoom
• issue query
• display context
• spatial hyperlinks
• annotations
• Written in Java

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GIS Viewer Features

• Annotation and saving
• points, rectangles (w. labels and links), vectors
  
• saving of annotations as separate layer
• Integration with address, street finding,
  gazetteer services
• Application to image viewing tilePix
• Castanet client

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GIS Viewer Example
http//elib.cs.berkeley.edu/annotations/gis/buildi
ngs.html
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Geographic Information Plans and Ideas

• More annotations, flexible saving
• Support for large vector data sets
• Interoperability
• On-the-fly
• conversion of formats
• generation of catalogs
• Via OGDI/GLTP
• Experimenting with various CERES servers

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Documents Information from scanned documents

• Built document recognizers for some important
  documents, e.g. Bulletin 17. TR-9.
• Recognized document structure, with order
  magnitude better OCR.
• Automatically generated 1395 item dam relational
  data base.
• Enabled access via forms, map interfaces.
• Enable interoperation with image DB.

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Document Recognition Ongoing Work

• Document recognizers for dozen document types
• Development and integration of mathematical OCR
  and recognition.
• Eventually produce document recognizer generator,
  i.e., make it easier to write recognizers.

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Vision-Based Image Retrieval

• Stuff-based queries blobs
• Basic blobs colors, sizes, variable number
• demonstrated utility for interesting queries
• Blob world Above plus texture, applied to
• retrieving similar images
• successful learning scene classifier
• Thing-finding Successfully deployed detectors
  adding body plans (adding shape, geometry and
  kinematic constraints)

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Image Retrieval Research

• Finding Stuff vs Things
• BlobWorld
• Other Vision Research

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(Old stuff-based image retrieval Query)
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(Old stuff-based image retrieval Result)
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Blobworld use regions for retrieval

• We want to find general objects? Represent
  images based on coherent regions

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(Thing-based image retrieval using body
plans Result)
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Natural Language Processing
Automatic Topic Assignment

• Developed automatic categorization/disambiguation
  method to point where topic assignment (but not
  disambiguation) appears feasible.
• Ran controlled experiment
• Took Yahoo as ground truth.
• Chose 9 overlapping categories took 1000 web
  pages from Yahoo as input.
• Result 84 precision 48 recall (using top 5
  of 1073 categories)

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Further Information

• Berkeley DL web site
• http//elib.cs.berkeley.edu