Mapping Your Future

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Mapping Your Future Systematic Planning for
Determining a Career Path Reza Motameni,
Ph.D. Chair, Department of Marketing and
Logistics Professor of Marketing California
State University, Fresno
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Objectives

• Knowing Your Capabilities and Preferences

• 16 Personality and Learning Styles

• Determining Your personality Learning Styles

• Connecting Personality Types to Careers and Jobs

• Left Brian-Right Brain Domination and its
  implications

• Some of the Right-Brain and Left-Brain Career
  Choices

• Left Brian-Right Brain Determination Test

• Sources of Information Regarding Various Careers

• a Sample Career Plan

• Recommended Books

• Concluding Remarks and Answering Your Questions

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What are the Characteristics of an Ideal
Career? 1. Make a lot of Money 2. Be My Own
Boss 3. Have No Stress 4. Enjoy My Work 5. Work a
Few Hours Per Day 6. Have a lot of Vacation and
Free Time 7. Have Job and Career Security
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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path
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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path
Preferences Resources
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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Aptitude
• General Learning Ability
• Verbal Ability
• Numerical Ability
• Artistic and Form Perception
• Eye-Hand-Finger Coordination
• Reasoning
• Math
• Language
• Music
• Physical Capabilities
• Near Vision Vs. Distance Vision
• Color Vision
• Balancing
• Speaking

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Priorities Materialist Vs.
• Spiritualist or both
• Working Relationship
• Preferences
• Directing Influencing Vs. Following
• Seeking Status and Prestige
• Working With Peer Vs. Working Alone
• Repetitive Work Vs. Variety
• Cooperating Vs. Competing
• Traveling
• Taking Risks or Avoiding Risks
• Working Outside Vs. Working Inside
• Physical Work Vs. Mental Work
• Physical Environment
• Noise Intensity Level
• Exposure to weather
• Extreme cold, heat, humidity
• Radiation, Explosion, Toxic Chemicals

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• People
• Persuading
• Entertaining
• Supervision
• Instructing
• Negotiating
• Mentoring
• Art and Literature
• Fine Arts
• Graphic Arts
• Photography
• Dramatics
• Music
• Literature and Journalism

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Sciences
• Mathematics
• Astronomy
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Geology Geophysics
• Biological and Life Sciences
• Psychology
• Manufacturing
• Textile
• Carpets
• Furniture
• Automobile
• Airplanes
• Boats and Ships
• Machinery and Heavy Equipment
• Electrical and Electronic Machinery

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Engineering
• Aeronautical
• Agricultural
• Architectural
• Ceramic
• Chemical
• Civil
• Electrical and Electronic
• Industrial
• Marine
• Mechanical
• Mining Petroleum
• Nuclear
• Surveying

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Social Sciences
• Economics
• Political Science
• History
• Sociology
• Anthropology

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Business Administration
• Accounting
• Finance
• Insurance
• Management
• Marketing
• Management Information Systems
• Production Management

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Mapping your Future
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path

• Services
• Lodging
• Beauty and Barbering
• Funeral Crematory
• Theater Services
• Sport Services
• Amusement Recreational Services
• Physician Dental .. Services
• Legal Services
• Library Museum Services
• Social Welfare Services
• Employment Services
• Spiritual Services
• Postal Services
• Transportation Services
• Communication Services
• Electric, Gas, Sanitary Services
• Merchandising Services

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Wow! How do I makeup my mind ????
Systematic Planning for Determining a Career Path
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16 Personality Learning Styles
What Do These Letters Represent ?
How a person is energized E Extrovert
(Expressive) I Introvert (Reserved)
What a person pays attention to S Observant
(Practical) N Imaginative
Life style a person adopts J Organized
(Scheduling) P Easygoing (Tolerant)
Source of information T Tough-minded (Cool) F
Friendly
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16 Personality Learning Styles
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16 Personality Learning Styles
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16 Personality Learning Styles
E
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16 Personality Learning Styles
E
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SJ Types GUARDIAN (40-45) Sensing and Judging

• Epimethean temperament In Greek mythology
  Epimetheus means "afterthought"

• Overview SJ Types are Responsible, Dependable,
  and Loyal With a firm grasp of reality

• Respect for Tradition
• Security Seeking
• Formal Relationships
• Sequential Information Processing (prefer
  organized, concrete facts
• activities).
• Valuing Contribution to the Common Good
  (through observance of
• the rules, rituals, and established norms).
• Educationally they Go for Commerce and Business
  Administration.

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SP Types ARTISAN (35-40) Sensing and
Perception.
Dionysian Temperament in Greek mythology
Dionysus is the Greek god of Desire , Sensation
Overview SP Types Loves Freedom

• Focusing on the Immediate Situation
• Seekers of Excitement
• Fun-loving, Spontaneous, and Adventurers
• Enjoying Interacting with Others
• They learn by Experiencing, Doing.
• Preferring Variety Sensory Stimulations
• Educationally they go for arts and crafts and
  vocationally for
• techniques.

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NT Types RATIONAL (5-7) Intuition Thinking

• Promethean temperament in Greek mythology
  Prometheus gives humans control over
• nature through fire that symbolizes competency
• and knowledge.

Overview NT Strives to Obtain Knowledge

• Seeking out solutions to the Most Complex
  Problems
• Dealing with Theoretical and Abstract Subjects
• Dealing with Innovation, vision, and
  Creativity
• At times, NTs can become so distracted by
  their abilities that they feel
• inadequate even when doing something they
  have mastered better than
• others.
• Educationally they Go for the Sciences.
• Have strong need for evidence or proof when
  learning new ideas.

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NF Types IDEALIST (8-10) Intuition Feeling
Apollonian temperament Apollo is god of healing
who taught man medicine. The god of light. The
god of truth, who can not speak a lie.
Overview NF Personalities focus on the personal,
humane, and subjective sides of life.

• Pursuing Self-Actualization.
• Fulfilling Human Potential and Growth
• Excellent interpersonal Communication Skills
• Sympathetic Compassionate
• Bringing together Different Ideas
• Idealist Hunger for Deep and Meaningful
  Relationships
• Wish for a Little Romance Each Day

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The Idealist Presidents
There are none!
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Connecting Personality Types With Careers and Jobs
SP Types ARTISAN
ISTP surveyorfire fighterprivate
investigatorpilotpolice officerpurchasing
agentchiropractormedical techniciansecurities
analystcomputer repair personrace car
drivercomputer programmerelectrical
engineerlegal secretarycoach/trainercommercial
artistcarpenterparalegaldental
assistantradiological technicianmarine
biologistsoftware developer
ISFP bookkeeperclerical supervisordental
assistantphysical therapistmechanicradiology
technologistsurveyorchefforestergeologistland
scaper designercrisis hotline operatorteacher
elementarybeauticiantypistjewelergardenerpott
erpainterbotanistmarine biologistsocial
worker
ESTP real estate brokerchefland
developerphysical therapiststock brokernews
reporterfire fighterpromoterentrepreneurpilot
budget analystinsurance agentmanagement
consultantfranchise ownerelectrical
engineeraircraft mechanictechnical trainerEEG
technologistradiological technicianemergency
medical tech.corrections officerflight
attendant
ESFP veterinarianflight attendantfloral
designerreal estate agentchild care
providersocial workerfundraiserathletic
coachmusiciansecretaryreceptionistspecial
events producerteacher preschoolteacher
elementaryemergency room nurseoccupational
therapistexercise physiologistteam
trainertravel salespublic relations
specialistwaiter/waitresslabor relations
mediator
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Connecting Personality Types With Careers and Jobs
SJ Types GUARDIAN
ISTJ managementaccountingauditingefficiency
expertengineergeologistbank examinersorganizat
ion developmentelectriciansdentistspharmacists
chool principalsschool bus driversfile
clerkstock brokerlegal secretarycomputer
operatorcomputer programmertechnical
writerchief information officerpolice
officerreal estate agent
ESTJ government employeepharmaceutical
salesauditorcomputer analysttechnical
trainerproject managerofficer managerfactory
supervisorcredit analystelectrical
engineerstockbrokerregulatory
compliance...officerchief information
officerconstruction workergeneral
contractorparalegalindustrial engineerdata
base managerfuneral directorcooksecurity
guarddentist
ISF counselingministrylibrary
worknursingsecretarialcuratorsbookkeepersdent
al hygienistscomputer operatorpersonnel
administratorparalegalreal estate
agentartistinterior decoratorretail
ownermusicianelementary school
teacherphysical therapistnursesocial worker
ESFJ nursesocial workercatererflight
attendantbookkeepermedical/dental
assistantexercise physiologistelementary school
teacherminister/priest/rabbiretail
ownerofficer managertelemarketercounselorspeci
al education teachermerchandise plannercredit
counselorathletic coachinsurance agentsales
representativemassage therapistmedical
secretarychild care providerbilingual education
teacherprofessional volunteer
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Connecting Personality Types With Careers and Jobs
NT Types RATIONAL
INTP strategic planningwriterstaff
developmentlawyerarchitectsoftware
designerfinancial analystcollege
professorphotographersystems analystneurologist
physicistpsychologistresearch/development...sp
ecialistcomputer programmerdata base
managerchemistbiologistinvestigator
ENTJ program designerattorneyadministratoroffic
e managerchemical engineersales
managerlogistics consultantfranchise
ownerpersonnel managerinvestment bankerlabor
relationsmanagement trainercredit
investigatormortgage brokercorporate team
trainerenvironmental engineerbiomedical
engineerbusiness consultanteducational
consultantmedia planner/buyer
INTJ economistscientistcomputer
programmerenvironmental plannernew business
developercurriculum designeradministratormathem
aticianpsychologistneurologistbiomedical
researcherstrategic plannercivil
engineerdesignereditor/art directorinventorinf
ormational-graphics...designerfinancial
plannerjudge
ENTP systems designerventure capitalistactorjou
rnalistinvestment brokerreal estate agentreal
estate developerstrategic plannerpolitical
managerpoliticianliterary agentrestaurant/bar
ownertechnical trainerdiversity managerart
directorcomputer analystlogistics
consultantoutplacement consultantradio/TV talk
show host
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Connecting Personality Types With Careers and Jobs
NF Types IDEALIST
ENFP conference plannerspeech pathologistHR
development trainerombudsmanclergyjournalistne
wscastercareer counselorhousing
directorcharacter actormarketing
consultantmusician/composerartistinformation-gr
aphics...designerhuman resource
managermerchandise planneradvertising account
managerdietitian/nutritionistspeech
pathologistmassage therapisteditor/art director
ENFJ entertainerrecruiterartistnewscasterwrite
r/journalistrecreation directorlibrarianfacilit
atorpoliticianpsychologisthousing
directorcareer counselorsales trainertravel
agentprogram designercorporate/team
trainerchild welfare workersocial worker
(elderly...services)interpreter/translatoroccup
ational therapistexecutive small business
INFP information-graphics...designercollege
professorresearcherlegal mediatorsocial
workerholistic health...practitioneroccupationa
l therapistdiversity managerhuman
resource...development specialistemployment
development...specialistminister/priest/rabbimi
ssionarypsychologistwriter poet/novelistjourna
listeditor/art directororganizational
development...specialist
INFJ career counselorpsychologistlibrarianarti
stplaywrightnovelist/poeteditor/art
directorinformation-graphics...designerHRM
managermerchandise plannerenvironmental
lawyermarketerjob analystmental health
counselordietitian/nutritionistresearcheducatio
nal consultantarchitectsinterpreter/translator
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Determining Your Personality Learning Styles
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Left Brain-Right Brain Phenomenon
Roger Wolcott Sperry 1981 Nobel Prize Winner
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Left Brain-Right Brain Phenomenon

• Left Brain
• Logical
• Sequential
• Rational
• Analytical
• Objective
• Looks at parts

• Right Brain
• Random
• Intuitive
• Holistic
• Synthesizing
• Subjective
• Looks at wholes

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Left Brain-Right Brain Phenomenon
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Left Brain-Right Brain Phenomenon
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Left Brain-Right Brain Phenomenon
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Now count the F's in this sentence.Count them
ONLY ONCE!
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE-SULT OF YEARS OF
SCIENTIF-IC STUDY COMBINED WITHTHE EXPERIENCE
OF YEARS.
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE-SULT OF YEARS OF
SCIENTIF-IC STUDY COMBINED WITHTHE EXPERIENCE
OF YEARS.
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Right Rain- Left Brain Determination Test
Examine each set of four statements below and
rank each of the statements from one to four in
terms of your Preferences 4 Your most
preferred response 1 your least preferred
response.

• I would like to be involved in work situations
  that deal with
• ___ a. Doing detective work on hard-to-solve
  problems.
• ___ b. Setting realistic and practical goals,
  and then helping to achieve them.
• ___ c. Helping the people I work with to grow
  and progress.
• ___ d. Coming up with innovative ideas which
  will improve the organization.
• 2. I consider information to be good if it
  provides
• ___ a. Usefulness.
• ___ b. Facts.
• ___ c. Meaning
• ___ d. Hidden possibilities.

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3. The most exciting times for me occur when
___ a. I can communicate with someone with
whom I've had past difficulties. ___ b. I
discover a unique breakthrough solution for a
chronic, long-standing problem. ___
c. I put together a step-by-step procedure for
implementing an important plan. ___ d. I can
quantify and therefore truly understand some
difficult choices. 4. During the first five
years in a new job I would like to ___ a.
Launch new, innovative ventures. ___ b. Help
improve the quality of people's working lives.
___ c. Plan for and manage a task force
responsible for improving an organization's
performance and profits. ___ d. Be a
resource person and technical consultant for
solving day-to-day problems. 5.
If I were to be tested or examined for a job, I
would prefer ___ a. Developing methods to
apply in concrete situations. ___ b. A
discussion or debate with other candidates for
the position. ___ c. Objective,
problem-oriented questions on how I would solve a
particular problem. ___ d. An
opportunity to make a visual-oral presentation of
my knowledge on the subject.
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6. I am most likely to believe something if it
___ a. Fits in with the other things I
believe. ___ b. Makes sense and is logical.
___ c. Gives me a new insight into something I
took for granted. ___ d. Has been shown to have
worked in practice. 7. When I have to make an
important decision, I rely mostly on ___ a.
Orderly sequencing of all the pros and cons. ___
b. My past experience. ___ c. My feelings of
rightness or wrongness. ___ d. My hunch or
intuition. 8. When I wish to persuade another
person about the soundness of my
suggestion or idea, I ___ a. Demonstrate in a
step-by-step fashion how the details and
principles would work out in
reality. ___ b. Construct a logical rationale
that would be difficult to refute. ___ c.
Picture the benefits and personal satisfaction
the adoption of my idea would bring
to that person. ___ d. Emphasize the unique
features of my idea which would open up new
opportunities.
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9. When it comes to problem solving, I prefer to
___ a. Discuss the problem with others in
order to get different feelings and
opinions about the situation. ___ b. Come up
with a number of innovative solutions to the
problem. ___ c. Implement the agreed-upon
solution. ___ d. Research the facts and/or
figures in order to define the problem. 10. I
find a theory to be useful if it ___ a.
Shows me a new way to think about something. ___
b. Serves to clarify my own feelings about
something. ___ c. Leads to a practical and
concrete application. ___ d. Can
systematically shed light on a number of
situations 11. When starting to work on a group
project, I would first like to ___ a.
Determine how to organize and implement it. ___
b. Understand how it would benefit each member
of the group. ___ c. Determine exactly how the
group should be doing the project. ___ d.
Understand what further opportunities it might
open up for the future.
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12. The magazine articles I prefer to read in my
leisure time are ___ a. Descriptions of how
someone resolved a personal or interpersonal
problem. ___ b. Accounts of
technical or scientific research. ___ c.
Descriptions of historical events. ___ d.
Humorous depictions of events or humorous people.
13. I prefer dealing with people who know how
to ___ a. Plan and successfully implement each
step necessary to get a job done. ___ b. Make
decisions and set priorities. ___ c. Get support
from others. ___ d. Generate new ideas and
alternative solutions. 14. People who know me
well would describe me as ___ a. A person who
implements and follows through on plans. ___ b.
A person who uses sound logic in arriving at
decisions. ___ c. A good listener able to
empathize with other people's feelings. ___ d.
An imaginative person who sees new possibilities.

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I5. If I strongly disagree with another person, I
would ___ a. Seek the most agreeable com-
promise with the least fuss. ___ b. Outline the
unique features and ideas of my position. ___
c. Argue out the differences in value, principle
or policy. ___ d. Show in a logical fashion how
I arrived at my position. 16. I experience
great difficulties communicating with people who
___ a. Don't seem to grasp what I'm trying to
say. ___ b. Are insensitive to the feelings I'm
trying to express. ___ c. Constantly jump from
one subject to another. ___ d. Don't make much
sense and are illogical. 17. My major source of
enjoyment during leisure time comes from ___
a. Competing with other people in a challenging
situation and moving ahead. ___ b.
Doing things with close friends and family that
make me feel good. ___ c. Working on complex
puzzles and problems that require careful
thoughts. ___ d. Expressing myself and my
personal values in some imaginative way.
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18. I am especially good at ___ a. Motivating
others. ___ b. Strategic Planning ___ c.
Creative Problem Solving. ___ d. Organizing
Projects. 19. I would rather be considered
___ a. Reliable. ___ b. Practical. ___ c.
Cooperative. ___ d. Resourceful. 20. I feel it
is a worse fault to be considered ___ a.
Unreasonable. ___ b. Illogical. ___ c.
Unsympathetic. ___ d. Unimaginative.
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21. Which of the following statements applies
mostly to you ___ a. I prefer doing things
with others rather than alone. ___ b. I like to
come up with new ideas. ___ c. I enjoy
supervising and directing others. ___ d. I like
to work according to a well-thought-out plan.
22. After reading a book of fiction, I best
remember ___ a. The further possibilities or
alternatives the author could have used. ___ b.
The feelings and emotions the story evoked in me.
___ c. Portions of the book I liked and/or
didn't like ___ d. The development of the story
line. 23. I prefer to spend my time in
surroundings that ___ a. Are neat and
orderly. ___ b. Provide warn and friendly
conversations with other people. ___ c. Are
appropriate to the task at hand. ___ d.
Stimulate and excite my imagination.
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24. People whose abilities I admire the most
are ___ a. Teachers and doctors. ___ b.
Engineers and economists. ___ c. Artists,
writers and philosophers. ___ d. Business and
government leaders. 25. The quote that provides
me with most comfort and guidance is ___ a.
Learn from the mistakes of others since you can't
live long enough to make them all
yourself. ___ b. Balloonists have an
unsurpassed view of the scenery, but there's
always the' possibility that it
may collide with them. ___ c. The wealth of a
soul is measured by how much it feels, its
poverty by how little. ___ d.
I'll not listen to reason since reason always
means what someone else has to say.
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Scoring Yourself Copy your rank orderings for each question in each set (A, B, C, D.) Total Each Column. The Columns A, B, C, D totals should add up to 250, if they dont go back and check your rank orderings. Scoring Yourself Copy your rank orderings for each question in each set (A, B, C, D.) Total Each Column. The Columns A, B, C, D totals should add up to 250, if they dont go back and check your rank orderings. Scoring Yourself Copy your rank orderings for each question in each set (A, B, C, D.) Total Each Column. The Columns A, B, C, D totals should add up to 250, if they dont go back and check your rank orderings. Scoring Yourself Copy your rank orderings for each question in each set (A, B, C, D.) Total Each Column. The Columns A, B, C, D totals should add up to 250, if they dont go back and check your rank orderings. Scoring Yourself Copy your rank orderings for each question in each set (A, B, C, D.) Total Each Column. The Columns A, B, C, D totals should add up to 250, if they dont go back and check your rank orderings.
Question A. Strong Left B. Right/Left C. Strong Right D. Left/Right
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Totals -----a -----b -----d -----d -----c -----b -----a -----b -----d -----d -----c -----b -----a -----b -----d -----d -----c -----b -----a -----b -----d -----d -----c -----b -----a -------------- -----d -----d -----b -----a -----d -----c -----d -----d -----b -----a -----d -----c -----d -----d -----b -----a -----d -----c -----d -----d -----b -----a -----d -----c -----d ------------ -----c -----c -----a -----b -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----b -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----b -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----b -----b -----a -----c ------------ -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----d -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----d -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----d -----b -----a -----c -----c -----a -----d -----b ----------
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• Interpreting your scores
• Your highest score indicate your strongest
  dominance,
• the next highest is your secondary
  preference, and so on
• A D Represent primarily Left Brain
  dominance mod
• B C Represent primarily Right Brain
  dominance mode
• If highest score is A (Left Brain Dominance)
• Thinking Problem Solving, Analytical Logical
• If highest score is B
• Imaginative, Innovative, Visually Oriented, Good
  in
• Synthesizing ideas
• If highest score is C (Right Brain Dominance)
• Supportive, Idealistic, Emotional, Musical, and
  Spiritual
• If highest score is D
• Practical, Pragmatic, Realistic, Decisive,
  Organized

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• Some of the Left-brain Career Choices
• Financial analysis, Operations/Systems Analysis,
  Quality assurance, Insurance, Economics,
  Accounting/ Auditing, Statistics
• Law Enforcement, Military
• Production, Planning, Marketing Management,
  Office Management, Law/ Attorneys
• Managerial Science
• Supervision/Management, Management Consulting
• Clinical Medicine
• Business Analysis, Market Research, Research and
  Development , MIS/Data Processing, Engineering

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• Some of the Right-brain career choices
• Arts/Design, Music
• Buying/Purchasing, Customer Service, Occupational
  Therapy
• Psychology/Psychiatry, Training/Development
  Behavioral Science
• Research, Sales, Public Relations
• Marketing/ Advertising, Library Science,
  Architecture,
• Entrepreneurship, Writing
• Personnel/Organizational Development, Editing
• Teaching, Nursing/Health Care, Social Work,
  Politics

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U.S. Department of Labor                        
                                    
53
Accountancy
Ali Peyvandi, Ph.D.
Fariborz Tehrani, Ph.D.
Civil Engineering
Forouz Radnejad
Counseling Division Fresno City College
Manoochehr Zoghi, Ph.D.
Construction Management
Dean College of Arts and Humanities
Vida Samiian, Ph.D.
Finance
Manuchehr Shahrokhi, Ph.D.
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Reza Raeisi, Ph.D.
Linguistics and Philosophy Departments
Negin Tahvildary, Ph.D.
Mechanical Engineering
Maziar Ghazinejad, Ph.D.
Jahangeer Moghadam, Ph.D.
Management
Sasan Rahmatian, Ph.D.
Management Information Systems
Marketing
Reza Motameni, Ph.D.
Partow Hooshmandrad, Ph.D.
Music Department
Saeed Attar , Ph.D.
Organic Chemistry
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A Sample Career Plan

• Career Goal
• To become a civil engineer. To design, plan,
  and supervise the
• construction of buildings, highways, and
  rapid transit systems.
• Requirements
• Bachelor's degree in engineering.
• Ability to work as part of a team.
• Analytical mind.
• Capacity for detail.
• Presentation skills.
• Writing skills.
• Knowledge of physical sciences and mathematics.
  
• Accreditation by Licensing Board.

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A Sample Career Plan

• Current Skills and Interests
• High School mathematics courses (earned A's).
• High School science courses (earned A's).
• Experience working as a team.
• Attended high school writing courses.
• Gave presentations in high school courses.
• 3.9 High School G.P.A.
• Plan to Reach Career Goal
• Bachelor's Degree. CSUF Lyle College of
  Engineering.
• Seek internships through university career
  placement office.
• Join campus organizations for engineering
  students.

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Recommended Books
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Concluding Remarks and Answering Your Questions
Mapping your Future
1. Know your self and your capabilities and
preferences. 2. Match your capabilities with
career that meets your capabilities and
preferences. 3. Use all resources (personal and
family) be the BEST in your field (top 5).

• 4-5 Years of Having APPARENT Fun and Nice
  Time Suffering for Rest of Life

• 5-10 years of Hard Work Enjoyment Having
  Happy Flourishing Life

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????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???
The source of power is knowledge Through
Knowledge the old hearts grow young again
motameni_at_csufresno.edu