Historical Development of Mycology lecture 1 Prepared and delivered by Dr. Abhishek Scientist and In charge Mycology lab

1
Historical Development of Mycologylecture
1Prepared and delivered byDr. Abhishek
Scientist and In charge Mycology lab
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• Of the mycotic diseases affecting animals and
  man, ringworm -first to be recognized and
  reported
• The medical history of the disease is oldest, but
  also the most voluminous.
• 1839, Lagenbeck, first demonstrated yeast like
  fungus in thrush
• 1843, Robin named -Oidium albicans
• 1843, Gruby, named Microsporoum audouinii as a
  causative agent of ringworm in children.

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• 1845- Lebert described favus- T schoenleinii
• 1881- infections in chicken T gallinae
• 1894- in cattle
• 1896 and 1897-in horse and dog-
• 1898- in horse-
• 1890, Zopf, named the fungus Monilia albicans

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• 1899, Schenck, First report of sporotrichosis.
• Rat is the first animal species reported to be
  infected.
• 1900, Seeber, described the causative agent of
  Rhinosporidiosis.
• 1913, Zschokke, First animal case was reported in
  horse
• 1923, Vogelsang and Ayyar Rao in cattle

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• 1926, Quinlan and DeKoch-in mules
• 1923, Berkhout renamed the monilia albicans to
  Candida albicans
• 1928, Mucor pusillus was isolated from a nodule
  in horse.
• 1892, Posadas reported the first case of
  Coccidioidomycosis in man.-neoplastic skin lesion
  look like protozoan coccidia
• 1941, Van Pernis-first recorded the skin testing
  in humans for histoplasmosis

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• 1918, Giltner reported first naturally occurring
  case of Cocci-dioidomycosis in animals (cattle).
• 1906, S.T.Darling discovered the causative agent
  of Histoplasmosis in Panama.
• 1894, Gilchrist, first described and reported
  Blastomycosis in a human.
• 1898- Gilchrist and Stokes named the
  B.dermatitidis
• Also called Chicago disease

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• 1912, Meyer, blastomycosis in dogs.
• 1952, Holzworth, first reported Cryptococcosis in
  cat.
• 1953, Seibold in dog
• 1894-95, Busse and Buschke reported first human
  case of Cryptococcosis.
• 1905- Hansemann-first human meningitis case

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• Fresinus introduce the term Aspergillosis.
• 1815-Mayer and Emmert- discovered Aspergillosis
• Raimond Sabouraud-
• - Established mycology
• Published medical mycology book- Lei-stegnes
• Nannizzi- perfect stage of fungi.
• P.A.Micheli- founder of mycology

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• Emmons morphologically classified
  dermatophytes.
• Alma Whiffoin- discovered cycloheximides
• Gold et al- Amphotericin B
• Vanbrensberghem- hair bait media
• Hazen ,Elizabath, Brown- Nystatin
• Gentles - Griseofulvin

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• Humans probably started using mushrooms as food
  in prehistoric times.
• The start of the modern age of mycology begins
  with Pier Antonio Micheli's 1737 publication
  of Nova plantarum genera.
• The term mycology and the complementary mycologist
   were first used in 1836 by M.J..Berkeley.

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• 1580- Giambattista della porta- publishes the
  first observation of fungal spores.
• 1601- Clusius publishes Rariorum plantarum
  historia, the first monograph written on fungi,
  which described 105 species, in 47 genera.

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Historical milestones

• 1588- Giambattista della Porta publishes the
  first observation of fungal spores.
• 1601- Clusius publishes Rariorum plantarum
  historia, the first monograph written on fungi,
  which described 105 species, in 47 genera.
• 1665- Robert Hooke, writing in micrographia,
  recognizes the close connection between fungi and
  molds, and provides the first illustrations of
  microfungi.
• 1671- Marcelo Malpighi described various molds,
  such as Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium.

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• 1673- Van Leeuwenhoek, in a letter to the Royal
  society of London, describes the presence of the
  yeast S. cervease in fermented beer, the first
  observation of yeast cells.

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• 1718- Pier Antonio Micheli performs a series of
  experiments on the culture of agaric mushrooms
  and molds from spores under a variety of
  environmental conditions. The techniques he
  described become standard for the next 125 years,
  until the development of pur culture techniques
  and synthetic growing medias.
• 1729-Pier Antonio Micheli's Nova plantarum
  genera described 900 species of fungi.
• 1753-Carl Linnaeus' seminal work species
  plantarum is published it is the current
  starting point for fungal nomenclature.

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• 17971815- Pierre Bulliard's Histroire des
  champignons de la France is the first mycological
  book

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• 1801- Carl Hendrik Persoon publishes Synopsis
  Methodica Fungorum
• 1807-Isaac-Bénédict Prévost makes the first
  observation of motile spores zoospores from the
  sporangia of a species of albugo.
• 1845- The parasitic fungus known as late blight
  (Phytophthora infestans) devastates potao crops
  in Ireland, causing massive economic and social
  distress.
• 1852-Vittadini solidifies media with gelatine
  during attempts to grow the culture of the
  muscardine fungus Beauveria bassiana.

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• 1866-German mycologist H.A. DeBary,
  in Morphologie und Biologie der Pilze, Flecthen
  und Myxomyceten gives a broad classification of
  the fungi.
• 1869-Jules Raulin elaborates the conditions
  required to optimize the growth of Aspergillus
  niger, including the effects of trace minearls
   on growth.
• 1877-A.B. Frank proposes the concept of symbiosis
  (a relationship where both partners benefit) to
  describe the association between the algal and
  fungal components in, lichens

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• 1885-A.B. Frank coins the term 'Mycorhiza' (later
  spelled as mycorrhiza) for the fungus roots he
  found growing in association with the roots of
  certain trees.
• 1896-Georg Klebs, working mostly
  with Saprolegina, advances the field of fungal
  morphogenesis

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• 1904-American mycologist Albert Francis
  Blakeslee discovers heterothallism, the
  phenomenon in which sexual reproduction requires
  the involvement of two different thalli.
• 1905-First version of "International Rules (Code)
  of Botanical Nomenclature" (ICBN) is approved in
  Vienna.
• 1927-The red bread mold Neurospora is discovered
  by American mycologists C.L. Shear and B.O.
  Dodge it later becomes a common test organism
  for studying the principles of heredity.

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• 1929- Sir Alexander Fleming discovers the
  antibiotic penicillin.
• 1932-Cambridge mycologist E.J.H.
  Corner elaborates the idea of hyphal analysis,
  demonstrating that the fruiting bodies of
  polypores were made up of three main types
  of hyphae.
• The use of hyphal structure as a microscopic
  character later becomes standard practice in
  fungal classification.

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• 1940-Chain, Florey and Heath undertake
  large-scale production of penicillin.
• 1953- S.J. Hughes differentiates eight main
  sections of hypomycetes on the basis
  of condiophore and conidium  development.
• 1982T-he starting point for fungal nomenclature
  is moved from Fries (1821) and Persoon (1801) to
  Linnaeus (1753).