Arabic Midterm Review

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Arabic Midterm Review

• Dunph

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Agenda

• Verbs
• 10 Forms
• Conjugations
• Negation
• ???
• ?????? ???????
• ?????? ???????
• ???????
• ??? ? ??? ? ???
• ???? ? ???? ? ?????
• ??? ? ????? ? ???

• Pronouns
• Colors
• Conditionals ???...??...
• Conditionals ??...??...
• Comparisons/Superlatives
• ??? ? ??? ? ?? ? ???
• Nouns and Voweling
• ?????
• ?????
• ?????
• Readings

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• ?? ???(???) ???/??? (lesson 14)
• (lesson 20) ??????
• Check out website for more Grammar

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Verb Forms (p. 251 253)
Form ????? ??? ?????
I ?????? ?????
II ??????? ?????
III ??????? ?????
IV ???????? ?????
V ????? ????
VI ????????? ?????
VII ?????????? ????
VIII ?????????? ????
IX ????????? ????
X ???????????? ?????

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Form 1
Form ????? ??? ?????
I ?????? ?????1
I ?????? ?????
I ?????? ?????
I ?????? ?????
I ????? ?????
I ????? ?????
I ????? ????2
I ????? ?????
I ????? ????
I ????? ?????
I ?????? ????

• Example ?????? to cut

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Form 2

• Intensity of Action, Causative, Intransitive
• ??????? to chop up

Form ????? ??? ?????
II ??????? ?????
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Form 3

• Associative - to involve someone
• ???? to cut off

Form ????? ??? ?????
III ??????? ?????
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Form 4

• Transitive/Causative make something happen or
  do something to something else
• ???? to divide up (land)

Form ????? ??? ?????
IV ???????? ?????
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Form 5

• Reflexive doer of the action receives the
  action
• ???? to be chopped up

Form ????? ??? ?????
V ????? ????
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Form 6

• Reciprocal - 2 people/things are involved
• ????? to intersect

Form ????? ??? ?????
VI ????????? ?????
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Form 7

• Passive
• ????? to be cut off

Form ????? ??? ?????
VII ?????????? ????
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Form 8

• Reflexive Abstract or Figurative
• ????? to take a cut of

Form ????? ??? ?????
VIII ?????????? ????
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Form 9
Form ????? ??? ?????
IX ????????? ????

• used for colors, defects, and illness

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Form 10

• To ask for or seek, reflexive
• ?????? to deduct

Form ????? ??? ?????
X ???????????? ?????
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Verb Conjugations Present (p. 56)
(???) ??- - - (???) ?- - -
(????) ??- - -?? (????) ??- - -? (?????) ??- - -?? (???) ??- - - (???) ??- - -??
(??) ??- - -?? (??) ??- - -? (??) ??- - - (??) ??- - -
(???) ??- - -?? (???) ??- - -??
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Verb Conjugations Past (p. 128)
(???) - - -??? (???) - - -???
(????) - - -??? (????) - - -?? (?????) - - -??? (????) - - -??? (????) - - -???
(??) - - -?? (??) - - -? (??) - - - (??) - - -???
(???) - - -? (???) - - -???
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Negation (p. 272)

• ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ???
• ?? used with present tense to negate in the
  past
• ?? ???? I did not know
• ?? used with the present tense to negate in
  the future
• ?? ???? I will not go
• ?? used with the present tense to negate in
  the present
• ?? ???? I dont run
• ??? negation of nominal sentence ???? ?????
• ??? ???? ???? I dont have a book.

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Negation

• Voweling with Negation and ? will drop out if it
  is not Feminine plural for ?? ? ??
• After
• ?? use -?
• ?? use -?
• ?? use -?

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???(p. 265)
(???) ???? (???) ???
(????) ???? (????) ???? (???) ??? (????) ????
(??) ????? (??) ??? (??) ??? (??) ????
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?????? ??????? (p. 27)

• Nominal Sentence
• ??????? ?????
• Indefinite predicate Definite subject
• Subject will come before the predicate if it is
  Definite. If not, the sentence will be inverted
  and have a Fronted Predicate
• If both subject and predicate are definite then
  they are separated by a pronoun

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?????? ??????? (p. 61)

• Verbal Sentence
• The sentence begins with the main verb rather
  than the subject
• ??? ???? ?????
• object subject main verb

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??????? (p. 41)

• Possessive, or shows relations between two nouns
• ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????
• indefinite idaafa indefinite noun
  indefinite noun
• ???? ???? ???? ????
• A students book student book
• ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????
• definite idaafa definite noun indefinite
  noun
• ???? ?????? ???? ??????
• The students book the student book

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??? ? ??? ? ??? (p. 231)

• Generally means that or forms an infinitive
• ??? must be followed by a ???? ????? and can
  take a pronoun, like in ????
• ??? must be followed by a ???? ????? and
  specifically ??????? and forms an infinitive,
  which can be replaced with ??????
• ??? is a special case for ??? and at the
  beginning of nominal sentences

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The Infamous Chart of p. 232
(verb) that (???) ??? (verb) to (???) ???
??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? (???) ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???
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???? ? ???? ? ?????(p. 269)

• Relative Pronouns
• Definite pronouns translate to which or that
• Introduce a modifying sentence, and must agree in
  gender and number with the noun it is modifying
• ?? ? ?? (what(ever) and who(ever)) work as
  well when the speaker wishes to be more general
  and less specific
• But WATCH OUT! Because ?? can be also be an
  archaic form negation in the past

??)/??) ????? (??) ???? (??) ????
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??? ? ????? ? ???

• Meaning
• Usage
• Masdar after ???

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Pronouns
??? ???
???? ???? ????? ???? ????
?? ?? ??? ?? ??
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Object Pronouns
These are verb suffixes and are the object
receiving the action
(???) ??? (???) ???
(????) ??? (????) ??? (?????) ???? (????) ??? (????) ???
(??) ??? (??) ??? (???) ???? (??) ?? (??) ???
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Possessive Pronouns????? ???????

• Written as suffixes
• Forms an ??????? with the proper ???????

(???) ??? (???) ??
(????) ??? (????) ??? (???) ?? fathah for masculine kasra for feminine
(??) ??? (??) ??? (??) ?? (??) ???
(???) ???? (?????) ????
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Demonstrative Pronouns??? ? ???
This is Sparta! ??? ?? ??????!
this alien ??? ???????
This is a crazy person. ??? ??? ?????.
These are the three forms you will see A full
sentence with ???/??? .../??/?? Definite Noun A
phrase with ???/??? Definite Noun A full
sentence with ???/??? Indefinite Noun
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Dual Pronouns ????????

• The Dual, ????????, describes two of anything
• For Possessive Pronouns, any ? will drop off the
  original word because of the ???????

??? ????? Subject
???? ??? Object
???? ???? Possessive
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??????? Colors (p. 339)
?????? ????? ?????? ??????
Blue ??? ????? ????
Red ??? ????? ????
White ??? ????? ????
Black ??? ????? ????
Green ??? ????? ????
Yellow ??? ????? ????
Dark-complexioned ??? ????? ????
Blond ??? ????? ????
Grey-haired ??? ????? ????
Bald ??? -- ????
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Conditionals ???...??...

• Ifthen
• Past tense verb always follows ??? and a future
  tense verb generally follows ??
• There are other forms, but they deal with intent
  and more abstraction, so, use the KISS method,
  and just go with ??? ???? and ?? ??????

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Conditionals ??...??...

• If __ had _(happened)_...then _ would
• Deals with impossibilities or things that failed
  to occur
• ?? ???? ... ?? ????...

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Comparisons/Superlatives

• For adjectives means something is the __est
  or is __er than something
• Basic ???? ?- - - ???
• Doubles ???? ?- - ? ???
• ? ???? ?- - ? ???
• Superlative ? ???? ??? ???? ???????
• Comparative ? ??? ???? ?? ???

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??? ? ??? ? ?? ? ??? (p. 362)

• Expresses similarity
• Rule ?? ???, it is a preposition and must be a
  noun, not a pronoun
• Rule ??? means like and acts as ???????,
  therefore it also takes pronouns
• ??? as or just as introduces a sentence and
  must be followed by a verb
• ??? ???? ?????
• ???? as if introduces a sentence that might
  seem true but is not and must be followed by a
  noun
• ???? ???? ?????

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Nouns and Voweling ????? ? ????? ? ?????

• 3 Types ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????
• ??????? generally the subject, takes a -?
• ??????? - generally the object of the
  preposition, but also the second word in an
  ??????? takes a -?
• ??????? generally answers questions about the
  subject and the action, takes a -?

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?????

• -?
• Used for
• ??? ????? ???????
• ??? ???
• ??? ???
• ????
• ???
• ??????

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?????

• -?
• Apples to
• ??????? (second word)
• ????? ??? ??? ???? (object of the preposition)
• Used for any noun after
• ??
• ???
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??

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?????

• -?
• Applies to
• ??? ???
• ??? ???
• ????? ?? (?????)
• ???
• ?????
• ???? (????)
• ???? (????)

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Reading 1
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Reading 2
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Reading 3