The Five Themes of Geography

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The Basics of Geography
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Geography - the study of distribution and
interaction of physical and human features on the
earth
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Geographers use a variety of tools

• Maps
• Charts
• Graphs
• Tables
• Scale Models
• Photographs

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The study of Geography requires you to interpret
different types of information, or data.

• Complete the questions in your packet over
• 1. Tables
• 2. Bar graphs
• 3. Line graphs,
• 4. Circle graphs
• 5. Photographs and
• 6. Diagrams

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Geographers Tools
A globe is a 3-dimensional representation of
the earth
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Geographers Tools
A map is a 2-dimensional representation of the
earth
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Geographers Tools
Cartographer a person who makes maps
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GOES provides information about weather and
atmospheric conditions
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Landsat a series of satellites orbiting more
than 100 miles above the Earth
Used for mapping and other information gathering
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Landsat can be used to search for ancient ruins
by mapping
differences in the amount of heat absorbed by
different surfaces on the earth
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GPS (Global Positioning System)
24 satellites
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GIS is a digital database that stores information
This information can be combined to visualize the
use of space in different ways
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T.O.D.A.L.S.
Title - describes the information
present Orientation (compass rose) shows
where the basic directions (N,S,W,W) are on a
map Date when the information on the map was
taken
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T.O.D.A.L.S.
Author - the cartographer or person who made the
map  Legend - lists the symbols used on the
map, including any special colors or shading, and
identifies what each symbol represents Scale -
Shows how much the map has been reduced
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There are three types of maps

• General Reference

• Thematic

• Population Density

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General Reference - natural and man-made
features - physical (topographical) - political
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Different Types of Maps
Physical maps help you see landforms and bodies
of water
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Different Types of Maps
Political maps show features created by humans
such as countries and states
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Three types of thematic maps
Qualitative uses colors, symbols, dots or lines
to help you see patterns related to a specific
idea
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Cartograms presents information about a country
based on a set of data other than land area. The
size of each country is drawn in proportion to
the data rather than its land size.
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Flowline Illustrates movement of people, goods,
ideas animals, or even glaciers. The
information is usually shown in a series of
arrows.
Annual caribou migration
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Population Density
Shows where people live in a specific area