Deel 2: Organisatie van de informatievoorziening

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Deel 2 Organisatie van de informatievoorziening
Prof. dr. Jan Vanthienen
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Deel 2 Organisatie van de informatievoorziening

• Hoofdstuk 3 Bedrijfsaspecten van ICT
• Effectiviteit, Efficiëntie en productiviteit van
  informatiesystemen. Flexibiliteit, Kosten-baten,
  TCO
• Hoofdstuk 4 Beslissingsprocessen
• MIS, OLTP versus DSS, Group DSS, OLAP, Corporate
  Performance Management, data warehousing,
  Business Intelligence, digital dashboards,
  Knowledge Discovery in Data, Belang van externe
  informatie, waarde van externe informatie
• Hoofdstuk 5 Informatie- en Kennismanagement
• Organizational learning en knowledge management,
  portals, content management, text mining,
  beslissingstabellen
• Hoofdstuk 6 Organisatie van controleprocessen
• Interne versus externe controle, audit, controle
  op beslissingen, Six-Sigma, Fraude en
  fraudedetectie, controle op informatiesysteemontwi
  kkeling, Virussen en Malware

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Hoofdstuk 3 Bedrijfsaspecten van ICT

• Effectiviteit, Efficiëntie, Flexibiliteit en
  Productiviteit van informatiesystemen en het
  omgaan met informatie

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Soorten Informatiesystemen

• Volgens niveau van leidinggeven
• Volgens functioneel gebied

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De belangrijkste soorten IS
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Additionele types IS
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ERP Systems

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems

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Value of Information Systems
Reasons why IT matters to the business

• Capital management (IT investment decisions)
• Foundation of doing business (high-quality,
  low-cost)
• Productivity (increase productivity and
  efficiency )
• Strategic opportunity and advantage

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Strategic Opportunity and Advantage

• Create competitive advantage IT makes it
  possible to develop competitive advantages.
• New Business Models Dell Computer IT enabled
  build-to-order business model.
• Create new services eBay has developed the
  largest auction trading platform for millions of
  individuals and businesses.
• Differentiate yourself from your competitors
  Amazon has become the largest book retailer in
  the United States on the strength of its huge
  online inventory and recommender system.

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Information Systems and Organizational Change
Four Kinds of Structural Change

• Automation Mechanizing procedures to speed up
  the performance of existing tasks
• Rationalization of procedures The streamlining
  of standard operating procedures
• Business process reengineering Analysis and
  redesign of business processes to reorganize
  workflows and reduce waste and repetitive tasks
• Paradigm shift Radical reconceptualization of
  the nature of the business and the nature of the
  organization

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Organizational Change risks and rewards
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Cost of Information Systems

• Total cost of ownership includes
• Hardware
• Software
• Installation
• Integration
• Training
• Support
• Maintenance
• Infrastructure requirements
• Downtime
• Space and energy
• End-user cost (time, fuzz-factor)

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THE INTRANET COST ASPECTS
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Relative costs of lifecycle phases
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Informatie en bedrijfsvoering aandachtspunten!!

• Operationele systemen
• Verlopen de operaties efficiënt, flexibel?
• Bruikbaarheid, aanvaarding
• Is voldaan aan de regels?
• Knowledge Work systemen
• Worden de werkzaamheden ondersteund?
• Information Knowledge management
• Ondersteuning van managementbeslissingen
• Is de informatie voorhanden?
• Hoe kunnen betere beslissingen genomen worden?
• Algemeen ook kosten en baten, TCO

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• Information systems literacy Broad-based
  understanding of information systems that
  includes behavioral knowledge about
  organizations, management and individuals using
  information systems as well as technical
  knowledge about computers
• Computer literacy Knowledge about information
  technology, focusing on understanding how
  computer technologies work
•  

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Information Systems Problem Areas
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Causes of Implementation Success and Failure
Information Systems Success or Failure Factors
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Een aantal voorbeelden

• Information overload
• Informatie-integratie
• Kwaliteit van informatieverwerking
• De totale keten
• Kwaliteit van het proces
• Effectiviteit en efficiëntie

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The Information Tsunami
Who wants some more data?

• Data explosion problem
• Automated data collection tools and mature
  database technology lead to tremendous amounts of
  data stored in databases (legacy data, ERP,
  scanner data, web data, documents, mobile,
  multimedia, RFID, )
• Traditional techniques
• Paper, Query and reporting, Spreadsheet analysis,
  
• But information overload

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The Information Tsunami

• Megabyte 1,000,000 or 106 bytes
• 2 megabytes Hi-res photo
• 5 megabytes Complete works of Shakespeare
• Gigabyte 1,000,000,000 or 109 bytes
• 1 gigabyte Pickup truck filled with paper
• 2 gigabytes Movie on a DVD
• Terabyte 1,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1012 bytes
  
• all the X-ray films in a large technological
  hospital
• 2 Terabytes An academic research library
• 10 Terabytes The printed collection of the US
  Library of Congress
• 50 Terabytes The contents of a large Mass
  Storage System
• 200 Terabytes Worldwide production of office
  documents (printer/copier) 400 million trees
  (annually)
• 900 Terabytes The required storage space for
  email (annual)
• Petabyte 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1015
  bytes
• 1 Petabyte 3 years of EOS data (2001)
• 2 Petabytes All US academic research libraries
• 8 Petabytes All information available on the Web
  
• 20 Petabytes Production of hard-disk drives in
  1995
• 200 Petabytes All printed material

(www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-
info-2003/)
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Structured/Unstructured Information
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Growth Trends

• Moores law
• Computer speed doubles every 18 months
• Stored data
• total storage doubles every 9 months
• Consequence
• very little data will ever be looked at by a
  human
• More intelligent use is NEEDED to make sense and
  use of data.

(Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro)
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Todays Information Systems Islands of
Information
(P. Hinssen)
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Portals
OrderEntry
CRM
WebContent
Support
ProductLiterature
ERP
KnowledgeBase
TrainingSchedules
(P. Hinssen)
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Knowledge work systems

• A recent Slashdot posting reports that, according
  to both PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG, more
  than 90 of corporate spreadsheets contain
  material errors. With each error costing between
  10K and 100K per month, one expert estimates
  corporate America loses in excess of 10B
  annually through the misuse and abuse of
  spreadsheets.

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Organizational Capital
Source E. Brynjolfsson, keynote at MIT Sloan, 19
April 2002 Annual Conference
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Operationele bedrijfsprocessen

• informatie?
• flexibiliteit?
• compliance?
• effectiviteit?
• efficiëntie?

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The Information Value Chain
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(No Transcript)
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Resultaten van investeringen in informatiesystemen
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Email

• Symptoms
• Volume
• Time
• Broadcasts
• Lost Knowledge
• Spam
• Attachments
• Viruses
• Security

• The real problems
• Content management
• Expertise
• Document management
• Routing
• Workflow
• Attitude

Spam is a problem, a big problem, but the
solution is easy Delete. The real problem is the
rest of the emails
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Advantages of email

• Fast
• Inexpensive
• Electronic,
• Stored, provides a record
• Independent of time and place
• Great for sharing and distributing documents
• Can eliminate telephone tag
• Reduces hierarchy
• Supports collaboration
• Supports virtual teams and teleworking
• Has changed the way we do business!!
• Advantages for the sender, or the receiver?

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The Dark side

• Growing at 40 each year
• 30 messages per day in 2007 is 82 messages per
  day in 2010
• Cost of time wasted is huge
• Often 3 to 4 hours per day spent on e-mail
  without any offsetting reductions in other work
• Taking over our lives
• 40 of people take computers on vacation with
  them to avoid e-mail backlog when they return to
  their offices
• E-mail is upsetting both organizations and people
• The cost of time wasted by poor e-mail habits is
  estimated to be 20 million per year in an
  organization of 10,000 employees
• Much, perhaps most, of the e-mail we receive each
  day is just time-wasting, mind-numbing noise

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Zachman Framework
Why
Who
When
Where
What
How
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Contextual/ Scope
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Conceptual/ Enterprise
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Logical/ IS Functionality
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Physical/ Design
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As Built/ Subcontractor
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Functioning/ Code
Objective Precedent Objective
Organization Reporting Organization
Event Cycle Event
Node Line Node
Entity Relationship Entity
Input Process Output