Cellular Metabolism

1
Cellular Metabolism
2
How Organisms Obtain Energy
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
All organism need glucose!

• Autotrophs are organisms that make their own
  glucose.

• Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest
  glucose to obtain energy.

3
How Organisms Obtain Energy
ATP The Unit of Cellular Energy

• ATP releases energy when the bond between the
  second and third phosphate groups is broken,
  forming a molecule called adenosine diphosphate
  (ADP) and a free phosphate group.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vn-Tw2XbX7aY
watch this clip
4
What chemical bond in ATP releases energy when
broken?

1. phosphate
2. sulfur
3. oxygen
4. potassium

5
Describe Photosynthesis

• The process of changing light energy to chemical
  energy
• Energy stored as sugar
• Occurs in plants and some algae
• Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O
• Takes place in the chloroplasts, using
  chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants

6
What three things do plants need for
photosynthesis?

• Light energy
• CO2
• H2O

7
What happens during photosynthesis?

• Plants capture light energy and use that energy
  to make glucose
• Sunlight provides the energy needed by
  chlorophyll to change molecules of carbon dioxide
  and water into glucose
• Oxygen is also released in this reaction

8
What happens during photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through holes
  called stomata
• CO2 combines with the stored energy in the
  chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to make
  glucose
• The sugar is moved through tubes in the leaf to
  the roots, stems and fruits of the plants
• Some of the sugar is used right away by the plant
  for energy some is stored as starch and some is
  built into plant tissue

9
Why is this important to us?

• We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy), we
  must get our food from plants.
• Plants are the first step in the food chain.
• The oxygen released during photosynthesis is
  necessary for all living things.

10
What is the Equation for the Chemical Reaction of
Photosynthesis?
11
What is the equation for the chemical reaction of
photosynthesis?
Reactants
Products
12
Think about the following1) What happens
during photosynthesis?2) Why is this
important?3) What are the reactants and
products for photosynthesis?Turn to your
shoulder partner and talk about these points.

• Press Pause, Think,
• Share

• What is an atom?
• What are the parts of an atom and what are their
  charges

13
What did you discuss?

• What happens during photosynthesis?
• Plants capture light energy and use it to convert
  it to glucose.
• Why is this important?
• Glucose is made that organisms needs as well as
  oxygen.
• What are the reactants and products for
  photosynthesis?

14
What does ADP and ATP stand for? What is the role
of this molecule inside a cell?
15
Time to Write

• Using the graphic organizer that was handed to
  you, fill in the missing information.
• Trim the border and then glue this in your
  composition notebook.

16
Okay, the sugar is madeNow what?

• Cellular Respiration

17
What is Cellular Respiration?

• Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed
  into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an
  organism has to transform the chemical energy
  into a a form that can be used by the organism.
• This process is cellular respiration.

18
Overview of Cellular Respiration

• Organisms obtain energy in a process called
  cellular respiration.

• The equation for cellular respiration is the
  opposite of the equation for photosynthesis.

19
Describe Cellular Respiration

• The breakdown of glucose molecules to release
  energy
• Takes place in all living things
• There are two types
• Aerobic and anaerobic

20
Aerobic Cellular respiration

• Takes place in the presence of oxygen
• More energy is released
• Glucose Oxygen ?ATP CO2 H2O

21
Anaerobic Cellular respiration

• Takes place WITHOUT oxygen
• Less energy is released
• Typically called fermentation
• Two types
• Lactic acid fermentation
• Occurs in muscles without oxygen and produces
  lactic acid
• Alcoholic fermentation
• Occurs in organisms without oxygen and ethanol is
  produced

22
Think about the following1) What happens
during cellular respiration?2) Why is this
important?3) What are the reactants and
products for cellular respiration?Turn to your
should partner and talk about these points.

• Press Pause, Think,
• Share

23
What did you discuss?

• What happens during cellular respiration?
• Glucose is broken down to a smaller energy, ATP
• Why is this important?
• Glucose is too large to for the cell to utilize
• What are the reactants and products for
  photosynthesis?
• Aerobic Glucose Oxygen ?ATP CO2 H2O
• Anaerobic
• Alcoholic fermentation Glucose ?ATP CO2 H2O
  ethanol
• Lactic fermentation Glucose ?ATP CO2 H2O
  lactic acid

24
Time to Write

• Using the graphic organizer that was handed to
  you, fill in the missing information.
• Trim the border and then glue this in your
  composition notebook.