Four Worlds of History

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Four Worlds of History
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Initial Launch Sept 9, 2014 This Edition Sept
11, 2014 Slide Count 37
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Four Worlds of History
Medieval Early Modern World History7th grade
Table of Contents ? Main Items Issues
3 Social Science Factors clarifying the
purpose priorities of the 4W model
7 Content Standard 7.2 Civilizations in the
Middle Ages Islam
9 Focus Question // Establishing Relevance
Governance, Identity and Religion
11 4W of Peaceful Transfer of Power
13 Religious Demographics Major Religions
Religious Sects
15 Timeline Birth of Five Major World
Religions
27 Identity Who is Ibn Battuta? ? Who are You?
33 Arab Spring
35 Inference Exercise (Quote Activity) Active
Reading to Organize/Analyze Info
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Four Worlds of History
Social Science Factors
basic factors of the human condition
that are important to recognize
regardless of how they are described
AND that are important to recognize
when they are missing
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Four Worlds of History
Social Science Factors
Identifying factors, relating factors, and
determining the most important" factors
is the science of the social sciences .
social sciences
the science
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Four Worlds of History
Social Science Factors
The absolute PRIORITY of the 4W model
purposeful
meaningful
relevant
critical elements of being student-centered
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Four Worlds of History
Social Science Factors
The absolute PURPOSE of the 4W model
student-driven analysis
toward
independent critical thinking
critical elements of being student-centered
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California HSS Content Standards
Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
7.2 Students analyze the geographic, political,
economic, religious, and social structures of the
civilizations of Islam in the Middle Ages.
economic
analyze
geographic
political
social structures
religious
4. Discuss the expansion of Muslim rule through
military conquests and treaties, emphasizing the
cultural blending within Muslim civilization and
the spread and acceptance of Islam and the Arabic
language.
Focus Question? Writing Prompt?
How did the Islamic Empire expand? What factors
were most important?
Focus Factors

• identity
• belief systems
• demographics

Relevance?
What are the connections? Past ? Present ?
Personal
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Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
Identify Relate Factors
Information Management
Analysis Critical Thinking
the science of the social sciences
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Organize information then infer and relate factors
Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
How did the Islamic Empire expand? What factors
were most important?
The Expansion of Muslim Rule Build on What You
Know You might have seen on the television news
that when a leader dies or resigns, a power
struggle follows to determine his or her
successor. After Muhammad died, several groups
fought for control of the Muslim world. In 661,
the Umayyad family won this power struggle. The
Umayyads built a great empire with Damascus
(located in present-day Syria) as its capital.
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Source World History Medieval and Early Modern
Times, McDougal Littell, 2006, pages 113
115. Chapter 4 The Rise of Muslim States,
Lesson 1 The Expansion of Muslim Rule
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RELEVANCE
Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
The Expansion of Muslim Rule Build on What You
Know You might have seen on the television news
that when a leader dies or resigns, a power
struggle follows to determine his or her
successor. After Muhammad died, several groups
fought for control of the Muslim world. In 661,
the Umayyad family won this power struggle. The
Umayyads built a great empire with Damascus
(located in present-day Syria) as its capital.
news
power struggle
present-day Syria
Wait!
Who has heard about power struggles in the news?
What types of governments have a peaceful
transfer of power?
What is sectarian conflict?
What has been happening in Syria in the last 3½
years?
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What types of governments have a peaceful
transfer of power?
Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
rule of law
Governments based on
constitution
If the transfer of power is not clear,
then what are the likely outcomes?

• power struggle
• coup
• assassination
• civil war
• vulnerability to attack
• ? possibly a complete takeover,
  conquest
• decline and suffering
• ? possibly a complete collapse

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What types of governments have a peaceful
transfer of power?
Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
What factors can complicate the transfer of power?
lack of
lack of

• employment

• legitimate authority

lack of
lack of

• equity

• common identity

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Religious Demographics
What are examples of different religious sects?
Map of Religious Sects in Lebanon According to
the pie chart, what percentage of Lebanons
population is Muslim and what percentage is
Christian?
Yes, youre right! You have to know something
about Muslims and Christians to understand and
respond to this question.
Lebanon
Religious demographics in Lebanon
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Lebanon in regional context
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Religious Demographics
Worlds major religions sects of major religions
Professors and groups that study religion usually
distinguish five major religions. This list
includes followers of the worlds five major
religions and also five sects that are part of
some of these religions. ? Divide the list into
the two columns.

• Followers
• Buddhists
• Catholics
• Christians
• Hindus
• Jews
• Mormons
• Muslims
• Protestants
• Shiites
• Sunnis

The Worlds 5 Major Religions
Religious Sects

• Buddhists

• ? Christian
• ? Christian
• ? Christian
• ? Muslim
• ? Muslim

Jews Christians Muslims Hindus Buddhists
Catholics Protestants Mormons Shiites Sunnis
? Judaism ? Christianity ? Islam ? Hinduism ?
Buddhism

• Christians

• Hindus

• Jews

• Muslims

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Birth of the Worlds Five Major Religions
Todays Major Religions
Other Belief Systems
polytheism
gods of nature
Sumer
Egypt
3500 BCE
3000 BCE
4000 BCE
Mesopotamia Rise of City-States
Fourth Millennium BCE
India
Harappans
2000 BCE
2500 BCE
3000 BCE
Third Millennium BCE
China
ancestor worship
Hebrews
monotheism
Shang Dynasty
Judaism
Greece
Vedism
Aryans
Mesopotamia
Babylon
Brahmanism / Vedas
Kush
Hammurabis Code c. 1772 BCE
India
Hinduism
Abraham, c. 1950 BCE
1000 BCE
2000 BCE
1500 BCE
Second Millennium BCE
China
Daoism
Legalism
Laozi, late 500s BCE
Confucianism
Hanfeizi, 280233 BCE
Confucius, 551479 BCE
Persia
Greece
Zoroastrianism
Stoicism
Democracy
Zoroaster, 660583 BCE
Zeno of Citium, 332262 BCE
Pericles, 495429 BCE
India
Buddhism
Rome
Siddhartha Gautama, 563483 BCE
1 BCE
1000 BCE
500 BCE
First Millennium BCE
Arabia
Palestine
Christianity
Islam
Jesus Christ, c. 133 CE
Muhammad, 570632 CE
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1000 CE
1 CE
500 CE
First Millennium
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Birth of the Worlds Five Major Religions
Todays Major Religions
Other Belief Systems
gods of nature
3500 BCE
3000 BCE
4000 BCE
Fourth Millennium BCE
2000 BCE
2500 BCE
3000 BCE
Third Millennium BCE
ancestor worship
Vedism
Brahmanism / Vedas
Hammurabis Code c. 1772 BCE
Judaism
Hinduism
1000 BCE
2000 BCE
1500 BCE
Second Millennium BCE
Daoism
Confucianism
Legalism
Zoroastrianism
Democracy
Stoicism
Buddhism
1 BCE
1000 BCE
500 BCE
First Millennium BCE
Christianity
Islam
1000
1 CE
500
First Millennium
2000
1000
1500
Second Millennium
You Are Here
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3000
2000
2500
Third Millennium
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Religious Demographics
As this pie chart indicates, there are five
major religions in the world
Judaism (Jews) Christianity (Christians) Islam
(Muslims) Hinduism (Hindus) Buddhism (Buddhists)
Living as Majorities and Minorities
Nearly three-quarters (73) of the worlds people
live in countries in which their religious group
makes up a majority of the population. Only
about a quarter (27) of all people live as
religious minorities. (This figure does not
include subgroups of the eight major groups in
this study, such as Shia Muslims living in
Sunni-majority countries or Catholics living in
Protestant-majority countries.) Overwhelmingly,
Hindus and Christians tend to live in countries
where they are in the majority.
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Religious Demographics
According to this list, what percentage of
Americans are Christian?
Religions in the U.S.
Religions in the U.S.
CIA World Factbook
CIA World Factbook
51.3 Protestant 23.9 Roman Catholic 1.7
Mormon 1.6 other Christian 1.7 Jewish
.7 Buddhist .6 Muslim 2.5 other
or unspecified 12.1 unaffiliated 4.0 none
51.3 Protestant 23.9 Roman Catholic 1.7
Mormon 1.6 other Christian 78.5
Christian 1.7 Jewish .7 Buddhist
.6 Muslim 2.5 other or unspecified 12.1
unaffiliated 4.0 none
Almost 80 of Americans are Christian.
Source CIA World Factbook, United States, People
and Society, Religion (2007 est)
https//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world
-factbook/geos/us.html -- accessed Sept 7, 2014
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Religious Demographics
What does this map say about religious diversity
in the US?
All of these colors indicate Christian faiths.
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Religious Demographics
Is there any significance of the color spectrum
used for this map?
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Religious Demographics
What are examples of different religious sects?
Map of Religious Sects in Lebanon According to
the pie chart, what percentage of Lebanons
population is Muslim and what percentage is
Christian?
Islamic Faith 41 Shia 27 Sunni 68 Muslim
Christian Faith 16 Maronite 9 Other
Christians 25 Christians
The Druze faith is a blend of several religions
and is often distinguished as its own religion.
Put this way, does Lebanon appear to have less
diversity of religion?
Religious demographics in Lebanon
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Religious Demographics
The US is predominantly Christian. Which
countries are predominantly Muslim?
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Religious Demographics
1.57 6.80
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Muslims make up 23 percent of the worlds
population.
People of the Islamic faith constitute slightly
less than a quarter of the worlds population.
According to this data from the Pew Research
Center, what percentage of the world population
in Muslim?
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Religious Demographics
Another view of Muslim Populations
Which of these countries are considered Arab
countries?
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Ethnic Demographics
Arab Countries
Compared to the previous map of Muslim countries,
name three non-Arab countries that are
predominantly Muslim.
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Religious Demographics
Another view of Muslim Populations
Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan,
and Tajikistan are examples of non-Arab countries
that are predominantly Muslim.
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Identity
Who was ibn batTuta?
Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who traveled
extensively throughout the known world. His
accounts of his exploits were published in a book
known simply as Journey. His travels lasted three
decades, during which he visited many parts of
Africa, Asia, and Europe. In all, he covered a
distance about three times as great as Marco
Polo, who lived at about the same time. As such,
Ibn Battuta is considered one of the great
explorers of the medieval period.
Ibn Battuta, 13041368 famous Muslim
traveler Moroccan explorer of Berber
descent legal scholar who served as a judge
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Identity
Who was ibn batTuta?
Ibn Battuta ? Moroccan ? Berber ? Muslim ?
explorer ? judge
religion
Muslim
role
judge
nationality
Moroccan
other
ethnicity
explorer
Berber
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Identity
Who was ibn battuta?
What groups did he belong to?
Group Types Group Descriptions Group Names
nationality political citizenship
ethnicity cultural heritage or ancestry
religion spiritual belief system
role function, job or position
hobby activity for recreation
Berber, Muslim, explorer, Moroccan, judge
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Identity
Who was ibn battuta?
What groups did he belong to?
Group Types Group Descriptions Group Names
nationality political citizenship Moroccan
ethnicity cultural heritage or ancestry Berber
religion spiritual belief system Muslim (Islam)
role function, job or position judge, explorer
hobby activity for recreation ??
Berber, Muslim, explorer, Moroccan, judge
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Identity
Who are you?
What groups do you belong to?
Group Types Group Descriptions Group Names
nationality political citizenship
ethnicity cultural heritage or ancestry
religion spiritual belief system
role function, job or position
hobby activity for recreation
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Identity
religion
role
nationality
hobby
ethnicity
Who are you?
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What has been happening in Syria in the last 3½
years?
Arab Spring 2011
March 2011 Protestors take to the street
demanding democratic reforms and the release of
some teenagers, who had been imprisoned and
tortured for having drawn Arab Spring inspired
anti-political graffiti.
democratic reforms
teenagers
anti-political graffiti
Death Toll in Syria Estimated at 191,000 August
22, 2014
The Historic Scale of Syrias Refugee Crisis The
Syrian refugee crisis has exploded from about
270,000 people a year ago to todays tally of
more than two million who have fled the country.
The pace of the diaspora has been characterized
by the United Nations as the worst since the
Rwandan genocide in 1994. In addition, an
estimated 4.25 million Syrians have been
displaced within their country, bringing the
total number forced into flight to more than six
million.
Men help a wounded boy who survived what
activists say was an airstrike by forces loyal to
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in the Duma
neighbourhood of Damascus Reuters
Syria Conflict Timeline 34 Months of Civil War
Jan 22, 2014
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Why Sunnis and Shiites are fighting
The divide between the Sunni and Shiite branches
of Islam is both ancient and still highly
consequential today. In Syria, a Sunni-majority
country dominated by members of a Shiite sect,
fighting that began as anti-government has taken
on sectarian overtones. That has spilled over to
Iraq, which is Shiite-majority and has a
predominantly Shiite government but is
increasingly troubled by Sunni rebels. And the
region's major powers have long pushed sectarian
interests, with Shiite-majority Iran on one side
and Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia on the other.
Jan 22, 2014
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Organize information then infer and relate factors
factors
Political World Economic World
Social World Cultural World
After Muhammad died, several groups fought for
control of the Muslim world. In 661, the Umayyad
family won this power struggle. p 113
Inference Exercise
Umayyad
power struggle
In less than 100 years, their empire spanned
parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
empire

• at first, hit-and-run raids
• organized campaigns for conquest

raids
campaigns
As a result, leaders needed to take steps to
unite and govern the many peoples of this
far-flung empire. p 114
unite
govern
As a result
leadership

• bureaucracy based on Byzantine Empire
• Arabic as common language of government
• coinage

order
p 115
stability
language
p 113
Source World History Medieval and Early Modern
Times, McDougal Littell, 2006, pages 113
115. Chapter 4 The Rise of Muslim States,
Lesson 1 The Expansion of Muslim Rule
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Four Worlds of History a project of the Center
for Active Learning in International
Studies UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Four
Worlds analytical framework developed by Steven
Lamy, Professor of International Relations,
USC Four Worlds of History adapted by Teresa
Hudock, Director, and Sandy Line,
Associate CALIS, USC
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Four Worlds of History Center for Active
Learning in International Studies School of
International Relations UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
For more information, contact Teresa
Hudock calis_at_usc.edu 213-740-7794
Classroom materials are available free online at
dornsife.usc.edu/calis