Effective Training Techniques

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Effective Training Techniques

• Mark A. Hernandez, CHST
• Houston South Area Office

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Presentation outline

• Most frequent cited standards 2010
• Training requirements for Construction Industry
• Other training references ANSI Z 490.1 Blooms
  Taxonomy
• ASSE Professional Safety Articles on Effective
  Training Techniques
• OSHA Construction Trainer resources and
  requirements
• OSHA Resources

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Top 10 MFC standards in FY 2011 (1926)

1. Scaffolding
2. Fall Protection
3. Ladders
4. Fall Protection, Training Requirements
5. HAZCOM

• General Safety Health Provisions
• Head Protection
• Aerial Lifts
• Eye Face Protection
• Specific Excavation Requirements

Inspections Region VI 5,635 Nationally
40,993 Construction 3,600 (68)
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Blooms Taxonomy

• In 1780 Abigail Adams stated, "Learning is not
  attained by chance it must be sought for with
  ardor and attended to with diligence"
• Although it received little attention when first
  published, Bloom's Taxonomy has since been
  translated into 22 languages and is one of the
  most widely applied and most often cited
  references in education.

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Blooms Taxonomy

• Creating can the student create new product or
  point of view?
• Evaluating can the student justify a stand or
  decision?
• Analyzing can the student distinguish between
  the different parts?
• Applying can the student use the information in
  a new way?
• Understanding can the student explain ideas or
  concepts?
• Remembering can the student recall or remember
  the information?

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ANSI Z490.1 Criteria for Accepted Practices in
Safety, Health Environmental Training

• 1.1 Scope - This Standard establishes criteria
  for safety, health, and environmental training
  programs, including
• development,
• delivery,
• evaluation, and
• program management.

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ANSI Z490.1 Criteria for Accepted Practices in
Safety, Health Environmental Training

• 3.2 The training program shall, at a minimum,
  include the following elements
• - training development, including needs
  assessment,
• - learning objectives,
• - course content and format,
• - resource materials, and
• - criteria for course completion (see Section 4
  of this Standard)

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ANSI Z490.1 Criteria for Accepted Practices in
Safety, Health Environmental Training

• 3. Training Program Administration and
  Management
• training delivery by competent trainers in a
  suitable training environment (see Section 5 of
  this Standard)
• training evaluation and a continuous improvement
  system

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Effective training Case Study (Oil Gas)

• 1. Compelling content
• Must be interesting, credible, and compelling.
  Lessons learned proved to be significant
  (relevant story).
• Use Adult learning theories.
• 2. Identify the players
• The Master in the group to act as a narrator
  for video, describing task and potential hazards.

Source Professional Safety March 2001
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Pareto Principle

• The Pareto Principle 20 of your priorities will
  gill you 80 percent of your production. If you
  spend your time, energy, money, and personnel on
  the top 20 of your priorities.
• Determine which people are the top 20 producers
• Spend 80 of your people time with the top 20
• Spend 80 of your personnel development dollars
  on the top 20
• Ask the top 20 to do on-the-job training for
  the next 20 (Multiply vs. Growth)

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Pareto Principle

• How to implement
• Step 1 I do it.
• Step 2 I do it and youre with me.
• Step 3 You do it and Im with you.
• Step 4 You do it.
• Step 5 You do it and someone is with you.
• Compounding (Multiplication) happens when you
  equip someone who equips someone else. People
  do what people see.

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Effective training Case Study

• 3. Avoid Common Mistakes
• Do not use professional actors, the CEO for
  videos. The worker knows much more about the job
  than an outsider.
• Best choice for the master trainer is the person
  who looks the part and speaks with occupational
  (not organizational) authority.
• Use language that is understood by the workers
  and is a cultural insider.

Source Professional Safety March 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• The Training Process According to Kline (1985)
• Training emphasizes the psychomotor domain
• of learning. Training that is done in the
  cognitive domain is generally at the knowledge
  level or lower part of the comprehension level.
  Education, on the other hand, teaches a minimum
  of psychomotor skills. It concentrates instead on
  the cognitive domain, especially the higher
  cognitive levels. (ie. High comprehension above)

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• Adult Learners retain
• 20 of what they read and hear
• 40 of what they see
• 50 of what they say
• 60 of what they do
• (people do what people see)

• Building Rapport (Connecting)
• 38 Tonality
• 55 Physiology
• 7 Words

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• Talk
• All kinds monologues, dialogues, discussions,
  debates, interviews promotes creative and
  critical thinking.
• Lecturing is the most common form of training
  only 20 what is heard is retained.
• 2. Role Playing
• Based on believability of scenario and
  participants -will gain life interpersonal
  skills.

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 3. Group Projects with single response
• Break-out into 3 or 4 groups, give a scenario
  with same question, ea. group responds to 2
  questions, and has a time-limit for answers. Each
  group will deliver their responses.
• 4. Group Project with Individual responses
• Similar to 3., with instructor choosing one
  person and each person writes their own answers.

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 5. Group Examination
• Each group has a different scenarios and
  questions, each group give outcomes.
• 6. Accelerated Learning
• A combination of games or activities which
  involves imaginary and all of the senses in order
  to create a rich memorable moment (ex. Bingo).

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 7. Student Demonstrations Show what they know
• Allow students who know or are proficient in a
  specific area (Maestro/Master) and allow that
  person the opportunity to show their proficiency
  by allowing five minutes to demonstrate skill.
• 8. Peer Coaching
• One-on-One observe work and give positive
  feedback

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 9. Guided Discussions
• This method is useful when a trainer is trying
  to help students develop their ability to asses a
  situation and think on their feet
• Thinking is the hardest a person can do that is
  why so few engage in it. Henry Ford

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 10. Simulations
• A training environment set up to produce a
  comprehensive workplace-like experience.
• 11. Storytelling
• The single most effective training is telling
  relevant stories and having students reflect on
  them (Blair Seo. 2007)

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Engaging Learners Techniques To Make training
stick

• 11. Storytelling Cullen (2007) Four types
• Hero Stories larger than life characters who
  saves another worker or prevents a crisis.
• Villain stories one who is opposite of hero and
  causes the loss of life or crisis.
• Adventure stories tell of a specific event
  drama.
• Fool stories a character who does things wrong
  and creates loss of life or crisis.

Source Professional Safety August 2001
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Les Browns 3 step process of giving value in a
story

• a. Distract From the present story they are
  currently listening to (emotionally, mentally,
  physically etc.)
• b. Dispute Strategy to have individual back-away
  from their present limited belief. Having a good
  strategy makes you stand out.
• c. Inspire To Behave different differently.
  Inspire to do more, challenge, think outside
  their present thinking add value. Dont simply
  tell it, Experience it. Only then will you draw
  the audience in with you by using your emotions,
  tone, and body language. You want to take the
  audience there and experience the moment with you
  thats connecting.

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Other Resources

1. Everyone Communicates, Few Connect. John C.
   Maxwell
2. Tribal Leadership Levering groups to Build a
   Thinking Organization Dr. Dave Logan
3. Blooms Taxonomy http//www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau
   /Bloom/blooms_taxonomy.htm
4. Les Brown video http//tellyourstory.lesbrown.com
   /fe/11655-how-to-tell-your-story-series?ry

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Heat Illness Campaign
Fact Sheets, Posters English/Spanish, PSA
http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness/edresources.h
tml
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OSHA Training resources

• Employee training must be provided in a language
  that employees understand https//www.osha.gov/de
  p/OSHA-training-standards-policy-statement.pdf
• OSHA Construction training http//www.osha.gov/dt
  e/outreach/construction/index.html
• Intro to OSHA http//www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/te
  achingaids.html
• Construction Focus 4 http//www.osha.gov/dte/outr
  each/construction/focus_four/index.html
• Susan Harwood Grants http//www.osha.gov/dte/gran
  t_materials/material_listing_topic.html

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Safety Resources

• Business Case for Safety http//www.osha.gov/SLTC
  /etools/safetyhealth/index.html
• http//www.osha.gov/dcsp/products/topics/businessc
  ase/index.html
• OSHCON http//www.tdi.state.tx.us/wc/safety/oshco
  n.htmlWrittenPrograms
• Safety Pays http//www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusines
  s/safetypays/index.html

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Compliance Assistance Resources

• Quick Takes
• http//www.osha.gov/as/opa/quicktakes/index.html
• Compliance Assistance Quick Start 1910, 1926,
  Healthcare, Hispanic https//www.osha.gov/dcsp/
  compliance_assistance/quickstarts/index.html
• OSHA Publications https//www.osha.gov/pls/public
  ations/publication.html
• BLS Incident Rate calculator
• http//data.bls.gov8080/IIRC/?data_toolIIRC

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Emergency Preparedness

• Hurricane eMatrix https//www.osha.gov/SLTC/etool
  s/hurricane/index.html
• Evacuation Plan Procedures eTool
  https//www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/index.
  html
• Incident Command eTool https//www.osha.gov/SLTC/
  etools/ics/index.html
• Floods Tornadoes https//www.osha.gov/OshDoc/fl
  ood-tornado-recovery.html
• NIEHS Hurricanes Floods http//tools.niehs.nih
  .gov/wetp/index.cfm?id2472

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Where is OSHA Located?

• Houston North Area
• Office
• 507 N. Sam Houston Pkwy E. Ste. 400
• Houston, TX 77060
• 281-591-2438
• Houston South Area
• Office
• 17625 El Camino Real Ste. 400
• Houston, TX 77058
• 281-286-0583

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Disclaimer

• This information has been developed by an OSHA
  Compliance Assistance Specialist and is intended
  to assist employers, workers, and others as they
  strive to improve workplace health and safety.
  While we attempt to thoroughly address specific
  topics or hazards, it is not possible to
  include discussion of everything necessary to
  ensure a healthy and safe working environment in
  a presentation of this nature. Thus, this
  information must be understood as a tool for
  addressing workplace hazards, rather than an
  exhaustive statement of an employers legal
  obligations, which are defined by statute,
  regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the
  extent that this information references practices
  or procedures that may enhance health or safety,
  but which are not required by a statute,
  regulation, or standard, it cannot, and does not,
  create additional legal obligations. Finally,
  over time, OSHA may modify rules and
  interpretations in light of new technology,
  information, or circumstances to keep apprised
  of such developments, or to review information on
  a wide range of occupational safety and health
  topics, you can visit OSHAs website at
  www.osha.gov.

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