Chapter 15 pt. 2: Mood Disorders, Dissociation, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

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Chapter 15 pt. 2 Mood Disorders, Dissociation,
Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
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Mood Disorders Illustrate Emotional Extremes

• Mood Disorders are characterized by emotional
  extremes and come in variety of forms
• 1. Major Depressive Disorder
• 2. Dysthymic Disorder
• 3. Seasonal Affective Disorder
• 4. Bipolar Disorder

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Depression Is Pervasive

• Nearly everyone will experience at least some
  type of mild depression in their life often due
  to some external sad event.
• Major Depressive Disorder differentiates itself
  from mild depression since a person has depressed
  mood, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished
  interest FOR NO EXTERNAL REASON for 2 or more
  weeks. .
• Dysthymic Disorder less severe down swing in
  mood but lasts for 2 or more years.

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Depression

• Seasonal Affective Disorder also known as
  winter depression. Nearly unknown in the
  tropics, but measurably prevalent in higher
  latitudes especially in polar areas where
  daylight becomes rare in winter.

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Gender and Depression
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Gender and Depression
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Effects on Depression

• Neurotransmitter, serotonin is scarce during
  depression.
• Cognitively, people tend to have a negative
  explanatory outlook which helps feed depression
  and lower mood.

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Vicious Cycle of Depression

• Breaking any of the links can often help
  eliminate depression.

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Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder mood disorder in which person
  alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of
  depression and the overexcited, hyperactive,
  optimistic state of mania.
• Used to be known as Manic Depressive Disorder.
• 1

VS.
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Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Explaining Mood Disorders

• Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany
  depression
• Unmotivated, grades decreases, no sleep.
• Depression is widespread
• Women at greater risk
• Women more passive
• Men more active
• Depression usually goes away
• Stressful events usually precede depression
• Depression is striking more and earlier

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Explaining Mood Disorders

• Genetic
• Mood disorders are genetic
• Have not found a single depression gene
• The Brain
• Decrease in serotonin
• Lack of activity in frontal lobe

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Dissociative Disorders

• In general Dissociative Disorders are disorders
  in which a persons conscious awareness becomes
  separated (dissociated) from previous memories
  and feelings.
• Dissociative Identity Disorder used to be known
  as multiple personality disorder. Rare disorder
  where person exhibits 2 or more distinct and
  alternating personalities.

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Dissociative Disorders Include Amnesia (NOT IN
BOOK)

• Unlike other forms of memory loss dissociative
  memory loss is NOT caused by brain trauma.
• Anterograde Amnesia loss of memory after a
  traumatic event. Cant learn new facts that occur
  after incident.
• Retrograde Amnesia loss of memories from before
  a traumatic event. Cant remember anything prior
  to the incident.
• Dissociative (Psychogenic) Amnesia is the loss
  of a persons identity. According to Freud,
  caused by intense anxiety. Serves as an escape.

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Dissociation Disorders (NOT IN BOOK)

• Dissociative (Psychogenic) Fugue State when
  person with amnesia physically moves away from
  home and takes on a new identity somewhere else.
  
• Usually temporary and according to some
  researchers is caused by traumatic/stressful
  episode.

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Warm Up

• Identify the following disorders
• Seasonal Affective Disorder
• Bipolar Disorder
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Dysthymic
• Dissociative Identity
• Dissociative Fugue
• Dissociative Amnesia

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Schizophrenia Is Not One Disorder

• Schizophrenia is a group of disorders
  characterized by disorganized and delusional
  thinking, disturbed perceptions, and
  inappropriate emotions.
• Schizophrenics often experience hallucinations
  (false perceptions) and delusions (false beliefs
  of grandeur or persecution).

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Background

• 1 in 100 ppl get it
• Typically appears in teens and twenties
• Men before 25
• Women 25-45
• Men and women affected equally

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vQzd1KEsiQVI
• http//www.youtube.com/results?search_queryschiz
  ophrenia
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7s_-gFm-7Ao

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Positive vs. Negative Symptoms

• Positive symptoms involve the presence of
  inappropriate perceptions behavior.
• Ex Hallucinations, Delusions, Word Salad,
  Inappropriate laughter, etc.
• Negative symptoms involves the absence of
  appropriate behavior.
• Ex toneless voices, expressionless, rigid,
  mute, etc.

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Explaining Schizophrenia Brain Chemistry

• Most psychologists believe disorganized thinking
  and hallucinations is caused by a breakdown in
  selective attention.
• Selective attention breakdown is most likely
  caused by an overabundance of the
  neurotransmitter dopamine.
• Abnormal brain chemistry

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What Causes it?

• Dont really know. Maybe..
• Low birth weight
• Oxygen deprivation
• Viral infections while in the womb
• Genetics definitely play a role
• Environment or parenting is not thought to cause
  it
• Environmental events may trigger it

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Warning Signs

• A mother who whose schizophrenia was severe and
  long lasting
• Birth complications
• Separation from parents
• Short attention span and poor muscle coordination
• Disruptive or withdrawn behavior
• Emotional unpredictability
• Poor peer relations and solo play

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Schizophrenia and Genetics
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Personality Disorders

• Personality Disorders refer to inflexible and
  enduring behavior patterns that impair social
  functioning.
• Variety of Types
• 1. Avoidant Personality avoids personal
  interaction because they fear they are inadequate
  or socially inept.
• 2. Paranoid Personality constant distrust of
  others believe others are out to get you.

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Personality Disorder Types Continued

• Borderline Personality characterized by mood
  instability and poor self-image. Trouble
  maintaining relationships.
• Histrionic Personality must be center of
  attention constantly interrupts others.
• 5. Narcissistic Personality very self centered
  personality. Will exaggerate achievements.

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Antisocial Personality Does Not Mean Shyness/Not
Good With People

• Anti-Social Personality Disorder characterized
  by a lack of conscience for wrong-doing toward
  anyone.
• Often aggressive or con artists and fearless.
• Murderers like Charles Manson.

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Explaining Antisocial Personality

• PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a
  murderers frontal cortex

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Influences on Criminals
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