Colons and Semicolons

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Colons and Semicolons
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Colons

• Use a colon to mean note what follows.
• Use a colon before a list of items, especially
  after expressions like the following and as
  follows.
• Example You will need to bring the following
  equipment a sleeping bag, a warm sweater, and
  extra socks.
• Additional supplies are as follows a toothbrush,
  toothpaste, and a pillow.

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• Use a colon before a long, formal statement or a
  long quotation.
• Ex. Horace Mann had this to say Do not think of
  knocking out another persons brains because he
  differs in opinion from you. It would be as
  rational to know yourself on the head because you
  differ from yourself ten years ago.

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• Use a colon between independent clauses when the
  second explains or restates the first.
• Ex. Thomas Jefferson had many talents He was a
  writer, a politician, and an inventor.

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• Use a colon between the hour and the minute
  1030 A.M.
• Use a colon between the chapter and the verse in
  Biblical references and between titles and
  subtitles Exodus 16-9 and Whales Giants of
  the Sea
• Use a colon after the salutation of a business
  letter Dear Sir or Madam

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Correct by adding Colons

1. Last summer I read Choices A Tribute to Dr.
   Martin Luther King, Jr., by Alice Walker.
2. Mrs. Hughes named the three students who had
   completed extra projects Marshall, Helena, and
   Terry.
3. Learn to spell the following new words aneurysm,
   fluoroscope, and serendipity.
4. The test will include the punctuation marks we
   have learned so far commas, semicolons, and
   colons.

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Check your work.

• Last summer I read Choices A Tribute to Dr.
  Martin Luther King, Jr., by Alice Walker.
• Mrs. Hughes named the three students who had
  completed extra projects Marshall, Helena, and
  Terry.
• Learn to spell the following new words aneurysm,
  fluoroscope, and serendipity.
• The test will include the punctuation marks we
  have learned so far commas, semicolons, and
  colons.

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Semicolons

• Use a semicolon between independent clauses that
  are closely related in meaning if they are not
  joined by and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet.
• Patty likes to act. Her sister gets stage
  fright. OR
• Patty likes to act, but her sister gets stage
  fright. OR
• Patty likes to act her sister gets stage
  fright.

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• Use a semicolon between independent clauses
  joined by a conjunctive adverb or transitional
  expression.
• Emma felt shy however, she soon made some new
  friends.
• My bird does unusual tricks for example, he
  rings a bell and says Wow.

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• Transitional Expressions
• As a result
• For example
• For instance
• In addition
• In fact
• That is
• On the other hand
• In other words

• Conjunctive Adverbs
• Accordingly
• Also
• Besides
• Consequently
• Furthermore
• However
• Indeed
• Instead
• Meanwhile
• Moreover
• Nevertheless
• Next
• Otherwise
• Still
• Then
• therefore

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• A semicolon (rather than a comma) may be needed
  to separate independent clauses joined by a
  coordinating conjunction when the clauses contain
  commas.
• Confusing Alana, Eric and Kim voted for her,
  and Scott, Tom, and Carrie voted for Jason.
• Clear Alana, Eric, and Kim voted for her and
  Scott, Tom, and Carrie voted for Jason.

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• Use a semicolon between items in a series if the
  items contain commas.
• Example
• I would like to introduce Mrs. Boyce, our mayor
  Mr. Bell, her secretary Ms. Lincoln, editor of
  our newspaper and Mr. Quinn, our guest of honor.

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Lets tryVery informative whale information,
too! ?

1. Whales, which are warm-blooded marine mammals,
   are divided into two main families these families
   are the toothed whales and the toothless whales.
2. Whales take very full, deep breaths consequently
   they can dive almost a mile below the surface of
   the ocean and remain underwater for more than an
   hour at a time.
3. Some whale species exhibit remarkable social
   behavior for example, members of a group may stay
   with a wounded animal or even support it in the
   water.

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Check

• Whales, which are warm-blooded marine mammals,
  are divided into two main families these
  families are the toothed whales and the toothless
  whales.
• Whales take very full, deep breaths
  consequently, they can dive almost a mile below
  the surface of the ocean and remain underwater
  for more than an hour at a time.
• Some whale species exhibit remarkable social
  behavior for example, members of a group may
  stay with a wounded animal or even support it in
  the water.