REVIEW Nutrition

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REVIEWNutrition Digestion
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• 1. Explain what a food label tells you.
• The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

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• 2. How is energy measured in food?
• calories
• 3. Identify the 6 types of nutrients.
• Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
  water

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• 4. Identify the following information for the
  food to the left.
• a. Serving size
• b. Total carbohydrates
• c. Calories
• d. Protein
• 5. How many calories would you consume if you ate
  2 servings of these crackers?

2 crackers/14g
10g
60
2g
120 calories
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• 6. Identify the nutrient being described
• a. Builds and repairs
• proteins
• b. The body needs 14 of these
• minerals
• c. Main source of energy
• Carbohydrates

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• 6. Identify the nutrient being described
• d. Made of amino acids
• proteins
• e. Stores energy
• Lipids/fat
• f. Makes up most of the body
• water

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7. The main function of the human digestive
system is to (1) break down foods for
absorption into the blood (2) exchange oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the lungs (3) release
energy from sugars within the cells (4) carry
nutrients to all parts of the body
8. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood
stream through the process of (1)
absorption (3) respiration (2)
elimination (4) secretion 9. Which
substance provides humans with their main source
of energy? (1) food (2) carbon dioxide
(3) water (4) chlorophyll 
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10.
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11. Identify each structure labeled in the
diagram.
oral cavity/mouth
gall bladder
stomach
pancreas
large intestine
small intestine
rectum
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• 12. Where does protein digestion begin?
• 13. What is the function of F?
• 14. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood?

In the stomach
Absorb water
In the small intestine/villi
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15. What does C produce? Where does it go? 16.
What is the function of G? 17 Chemical digestion
is completed in this structure. 18. What type of
digestion occurs in A?
Pancreatic juice
Small intestine/duodenum
store bile
small intestine/duodenum
mechanical and chemical
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19. What is the name of this process? What is its
function? 20. Where in the digestive tract does
this process occur?

• peristalsis

• To push food through the digestive tract

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine
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21. What is structure F? What is the function of
this substance? 22. Identify structure B. What
kind of digestion occurs here? 23. What is the
function of structure A?

• liver

• to produce bile

• stomach

• Chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin
• Mechanical digestion (wall of stomach churns food)

Pushes food down into the stomach using
peristalsis
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• 24. Through which of these structures does food
  pass?
• 25. Which organs are not part of the digestive
  tract? How do they aid in digestion?

Esophagus (A)
Small intestine (D)
Stomach (B)

• Liver (F) produces bile that goes to the SI

• Gall bladder (E) stores bile

• Pancreas (C) releases pancreatic juice into SI

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• 26. Describe the role of the small intestine in
  digestion.

• Where most chemical digestion occurs

• Where chemical digestion is completed

• Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the
  blood

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27. Identify the labeled organs. A - mouth B -
Esophagus C Stomach D Pancreas E - Large
intestine F - Appendix G - Small intestine H
Gall bladder I - Liver
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28. Through what organs does food pass? (in
order) mouth Esophagus Stomach Small
intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
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29. Where excess water reabsorbed? 30. What
occurs in structure G? 31. What does I produce?
Where does it go? 32. This is where chemical
digestion begins. 33. This is where chemical
digestion ends.
Large intestine
Villi absorb nutrients into blood
Bile into small intestine
mouth
Small intestine/duodenum
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34. Identify organs where there is no digestion
occurring. Esophagus Liver Salivary
glands Pancreas Gall bladder
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• 35. Explain the difference between mechanical and
  chemical digestion.
• Mechanical is a physical breakdown, while
  chemical digestion breaks down complex molecules
  into more simple molecules using enzymes.

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• 36. Where does mechanical digestion begin? How?
• Mouth teeth grind up food
• 37. Where does chemical digestion begin? How?
• Mouth ptyalin/salivary amylase in saliva starts
  to chemically break down starches into sugar
• 38. Where does chemical digestion end?
• Duodenum (small intestine)

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• 39. Where does most chemical digestion occur?
• Duodenum (small intestine)
• 40. Where and how are nutrients absorbed once
  food has been completely broken down.
• They are absorbed in the villi of the small
  intestine by diffusion.

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• 41. Identify the digestive organ described.
• a. Where the digestion of protein begins.
• stomach
• b. Where mechanical digestion begins.
• mouth
• c. Site of water absorption.
• Large intestine
• d. All chemical digestion is completed here.
• Duodenum (SI)

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• 41. Identify the digestive organ described.
• e. Where the breakdown of starch begins.
• mouth
• f. Where bile is stored.
• Gall bladder
• g. Releases many enzymes into the SI.
• pancreas

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• 41. Identify the digestive organ described.
• h. Pushes food into the stomach.
• esophagus
• i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs.
• Small intestine/villi
• j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer.
• stomach

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• 42. What enzyme is found in saliva? What does it
  break down?
• Salivary amylase/ptylin
• Carbohydrates (starches? sugar)
• 43. What enzyme is produced in the stomach? What
  does it break down?
• Pepsin
• protein

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• 44. There are many enzymes found in intestinal
  juice made in the small intestine. What do they
  break down?
• Carbohydrates and proteins
• 45. There are many enzymes found in pancreatic
  juice. What do they break down?
• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
• 46. Is bile an enzyme? Why or why not?
• Bile is not an enzyme because it emulsifies fat.
  IT breaks down large droplets of fat into smaller
  droplets which is mechanical digestion, not
  chemical digestion.

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Salivary gland
mouth
epiglottis
esophagus
liver
stomach
Gall bladder
duodenum
pancreas
Large intestine
Small intestine
appendix
anus