Age of Imperialism

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Age of Imperialism
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What is Imperialism ?
Imperialism is extending the authority of a
nation through territorial acquisition, economic
policies or political actions. The ideology
divided Americans at the end of the 19th century
and in the early 20th century.
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Age of Imperialism
What does Imperialism look like? How would we
recognize it today?
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Age of Imperialism
Five types of imperialism Social Pol
itical Economic Military Ideological
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Imperialism

• US Recovering from the wounds of the Civil war
• Developing economic strength with
  industrialization and prosperity
• Experiencing population increase
• Showing confidence on the world stage
• Desiring greater world influence

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Age of US Imperialism
Isolation
Expansion
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Age of US Imperialism

• Taste of Expansion
• Commodore Perry opens
• up Japan under the
• Treaty of Kanagawa 1854
• Japan Agrees to help shipwrecked sailors
• Allowed America to trade in 2 ports

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Age of US Imperialism

• Why expand?
• US had always expanded. How?
• International competition for raw
• materials.
• With which countries? Why?
• New markets for US goods.
• Which goods?
• Racial Superiority White mans
• burden
• Convert civilize savages to our
• way of life
• Nationalism - glory of having a strong
• nation.

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Age of Imperialism
Based on the reasons just shown
for American expansion... Who in
America would have supported the concept
of imperialism?
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Age of US Imperialism

• Supporters of Expansion
• Sen. Albert Beveridge
• Indiana - farm exports
• Minister Josiah Strong
• Divinely Commissioned
• Captain Alfred Mahan book
• The Influence of Sea Power
• Upon History
• Theodore Roosevelt Secretary of
  Navy
• All great races of history have
• been conquering races.

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Age of US Imperialism

• Secretary of State
• William Seward
• Asia is Important
• Why?
• Politically?
• Economically?
• Militarily?
• Take over Midway Is.
• Buy Alaska
• Sewards Folly

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Age of US Imperialism

• Looking Toward Asia
• Mahan said we need bases in Asia in order to be
  powerful.
• Protection of sea lanes
• Refueling stops
• Conquest of Islands
• Samoa used with Brits Germany
• Hawaii Missionaries came
• Investors came
• Queen Liliuokalani gives up
• after US sends army.

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How did the USA become involved in Imperialism?

• Spain was in control
• of Cuba , did not permit
• democracy that was
• not good for business.

US Economic interests had expanded to
Hawaii and Cuba
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Age of US Imperialism
US Imperialism Cuba
US always interested in Cuba History of
rebellion vs. Spain due to slavery/oppression A
fter 1886 Americans invest millions in sugar
plantations. Jose Marti leads another rebellion
in 1895 damages American sugar
interests. Support Spain sugar bus. or the
revolutionaries?
Influence in Asia Boxer Rebellion
Righteous Fists of Harmony Get rid of
Western people in Asia.
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Spain Responds - America Debates
Gen. Valeriano Weyler imprisons thousands
concentration camps Hearsts Journal
Pulitzers World Reporting -Yellow
Journalism - exaggerating details of brutality
in Cuba to get new readers. You furnish the
pictures and Ill furnish the war!
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Causes of the War
Roosevelt wants war sends the fleet to
Philippines ,just in case to take Spanish Navy
out early. deLome Letter Spanish Diplomat
criticizes McKinley as weak. Inflames the US
public. McKinley sends USS Maine to protect US
citizens and property Maine explodes in Havana
harbor Yellow Journalism feeds the fire!
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US Declares War
Remember the Maine! Philippines 1st
fighting - Adm. George Dewey destroys the Spanish
Fleet at Manila. Marines rebels under leader
Emilio Aguinaldo beat Spanish. In Cuba, US
blockades harbors. Forces invade w/17,000 troops
- two African American Regiments. TR Rough
Riders Kettle Hill San Juan Hill
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Results of the War

• Only 379 men died in fighting over 5100 died of
  tropical disease.
• Treaty of Paris 1898
• - Cuba becomes independent
• US gets Guam, Puerto Rico
• US pays Spain 20 Million to take over the
  Philippines.

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American Influence Grows

• Treaty of Paris 1898
• Puerto Rico a territory
• helps guard Caribbean.
• Cuba a protectorate
• Teller Amendment to US War Resolution
• no annexation of Cuba.
• Platt Amendment to Cuban Constitution
• Cuban Musts
• - No treaties limiting independence
• - No Cuban debt
• US could intervene if necessary
• US could buy or lease land for
• coaling stations

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Why the Platt Amendment?

• What are 2 reasons why the
• US insisted on Platt?
• Protect Business in Cuba
• Use Military Power when necessary in Central
  America

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US Flexes Muscles in the Philippines
many believe unjustly. Filipinos Rebel
believe the US promised them independence. Emilio
Aguinaldo leads revolt and is captured in 1901.
US spends millions ending it. Makes it a US
territory with William Howard Taft as Governor
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Why Were Philippines So Important?
Politically Militarily? International Politics
calls for the ability to project power.
Philippines provides a naval base. Economically?
Philippines were the gateway to the Far East
for trade.
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Imperialism in China

• Spheres of Influence
• Britain
• France All had special
• Germany trade in China,
• Russia US was left out.
• Japan
• Open Door Policy
• European powers Russia should let the US have
  the same access to trade in China.
• John Hay
• new Secretary of State

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Boxer Rebellion - China
Righteous Fists of Harmony Opposed to foreign
influence Killed missionaries, Chinese converts
to Christianity and foreigners . US, Britain,
France, Germany, Japan combine to stop it.
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Building the Panama Canal 1904-1914
1904 Roosevelt pushes for a canal across
Central America. Nicaragua vs. Panama ? Panama
route shorter chosen But Columbia, which owned
Panama, wouldnt sell land. Negotiations broke
down.
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Taking the Canal Zone

• I took the Canal Zone and let Congress
• debate and while the debate goes on, the
• canal does also. Theodore Roosevelt
• Roosevelt sends USS Nashville to Panama.
• Prevents Columbia from stopping rebellion.
• Panama declares Independence from
• Columbia
• US recognizes the new nation gets rights
• of passage to canal perpetual control
• over the zone.