French and Indian War- The Aftermath-Causes the American Revolution {Act. A-F}

1
French and Indian War- The Aftermath-Causes the
American Revolution Act. A-F

• British Win the War But Lose the Peace! How so?
• 1.In some waysthe parents have come home and
  mean to instill order and discipline to their
  wayward children!
• How were the colonists behaving as wayward
  children?
• A. The colonists have grown accustomed to
  many
• freedoms that were perhaps available
  no place else in the
• British Empire.
• B. spoiled children are not easily
  brought under control
• Sohow would you try to rein in an
  unruly child?

2
Treaty of Paris 1763-Britain gains Ohio and the
remnants of the French Empire in America

• Jeffery Amherst is put in charge of Ohio
• Takes 4 actions!
• 1. Britain acts harshly towards
• Nat. Amer.
• 2. Settlers built forts and cleared
• lands of Nat. Americans
• 3. In building farms-drove away
• game animals!
• 4. Raised price of trade goods to
• Native Americans- makes trade
• more difficult and perhaps seem
• unfair.

3
Native Americans Respond!The British are dogs
in red

• An Ottawa Chief Galvanizes Resistance!
• 1. Leads raids against Brit.
  settlements and forts Fort Detroit
• 2. Drives settlers out of homes!
• What should the British do?
• 
  As responsible parents what
• 
  would you do?
• ChildrenNo playing in Ohio
• Chief Pontiac wages war and tries to get the
  tribes of Ohio to fight as 1

4
Britain acts with caution? Fairness?

• Proclamation of 1763 Had 2 Goals
• 1. Protect the Indians and settlers west of the
  Appalachians
• 2. Ease tensions-avoid another costly war! Why?
• British Treasury was dangerously
• low of revenue/funds.
• Brit. takes 4 hated measures
• A line was drawn west of Appalachians
• All settlers west told to return east
• No more settlers could go west
• Merchants told if they insisted on
• trade in Ohio that they did so at
• their own risk of pain and death!
• Is this a fair response of a
• concerned parent? Why or not?
• Why were merchants on their own?
• Answer

5
Colonists Respond with Tempers!

• Why were the colonists so mad? Analyze the
  Proclamation of 1763
• The Proclamation serves to do what?
• Without protections it limits colonial trade with
  Nat. Americans
• Those dreaming of going west-can no longer do so!
• Some colonies, Pa. Va. lost claims west-arouses
  anger!
• 10,000 British soldiers stationed in coastal
  cities to enforce the Proclamation
• Are colonists rightfully suspicious by some of
  these provisions?
• Look closely at point 4. Why might this
  appear suspicious to a colonist accustomed to
  freedoms?
• Colonists in the end-largely ignore the
  Proclamation of 1763
• Ex. One of our heroes explored Kentucky Who
  was he?

6
Daniel Boone! Hero or Lawbreaker?
Explorer/Settler or Trespasser?

• 1. 1769 Boone and a few woodsmen
  friends cross
  Appalachians through Cumberland Gap
• finds a Hunter Paradise
• loaded with game and with
  lush meadows for farming.
• 2. 1775 returns with 30 others
  to Kentucky-est. Wilderness
  Road that others will later
  follow west
• 3. Founded Boonesborough, Kentucky

7
A new Prime Minister has 2 Goals!Okay spoiled
colonists-mom and dad are home!

• 1. Grenville Program
• a. make colonists pay fair share
• of
  French Indian War debt
• b. Tighten restrictions on
• 
  colonists
• 1.
  enforce existing taxes
• 2 impose new taxes

8
Pontiacs Rebellion Loses Steam/Fails!

• 1. Treaty 1763 required French to
• abandon North American
• settlements
• As A Result
• The French tell Pontiac that they could no
• longer support his efforts against
• the British Red Dogs.
• 1 by 1 Indian tribes in the Ohio
• Region realize that without French
• supportthey could not defeat the
• British and they abandon the rebellion!
• 
  You just cant trust anyone
  now-a-days

9
ReviewActivity A

• Who was Jeffery Amherst?
• How did British anger the Nat. Americans?
• Who galvanizes the N.A. against British?
• Who becomes Prime Minister-2 Goals?
• Which person gains fame for ignoring the Proc.
  1763
• Why were American Colonists angry over the Proc.
  1763
• Why does the native rebellion eventually lose
  steam?
• If your opinion, was Britain correct in its
  actions? Explain your answer?
• Think-what might they try that could work
  better?
• Should they even have to tryafter who is the
  parent and child?

10
Grenvilles Program is put in place! Act. B

• 1764 Sugar Act is passed-it changes a high tax on
  sugar and adds new tax on molassesHow did
  colonists respond?
• As a spoiled child might!
• Resist paying the tax
• Smuggled in goods wherever possible
• Bribed tax collectorsperhaps even threaten
  collectors
• Their actions force Britain into taking even
  harsher measures! Can any nation permit its
  people to not pay taxes? Why or why not?
• If yeswhat could be the devastating
  repercussions?

11
Britain issues the Stamp TaxEnraging Colonists!

• What items were actually taxed by this new duty?
• Documents requiring a legal stamp? Ex. Various
  legal documents
• Such as
• Wills
• Diplomas
• Almanacs
• Newspapers
• Dice
• Playing Cards
• Marriage Licenses
• Analyze the list of itemswhy would Americans be
  so enraged?
• How do American Colonists respond to the Stamp
  Act?

12
American Colonists Respond to Stamp Act

• Acts of anger/violence!
• Attack Tax Collectors
• Tar and Feather some
• Intimidate/threaten others
• Refuse to pay the taxes
• Riots break out in cities
• Brit. officials homes are set
• ablaze
• Colonists view this as an example of
• ____________ without ____________
• Form the Stamp Act Congress

13
Purpose of the Stamp Act Congress?

• As a forum for representatives in colonies to
  discuss ongoing issues/problems
• To create a petition and give it to King George
  III asserting the idea that Parliament had no
  power to tax the colonies
• Parliaments response Ignore the petition!
• How will colonists now respond?
• Stamp Act Congress calls on colonists to
• Boycott British made goods!
• Results!
• British trade decreases by 14
• Success! Parliament repeals the
• Stamp Act in 1766

14
But the Colonists Are Not Done!Patrick
HenryBecomes a great leader/rebel!

• He was a leading member of Virginias House of
  Burgesses he
• issues the Declaration of Rights and
  GrievancesIt states
• 1.Only Colonial governments have the
• right to pass laws on the colonists
• 2. Parl. Had no right to extend
• Admiralty Courts to the colonies
• 3. As Brit. Subjects-colonists are entitled to
• trial by jury.
• 4. Only Colonial legislatures had the
• right to tax the colonists
• 5. Called for a repeal of Sugar Acts
• Patrick Henry makes an even bolder statement!
• He refers to the actions of King George III as
  
• Tyrannical the king is a Tyrant!
• Dangerous words indeed, why?

15
George III a Tyrant?

• John Locke George III
• English Phil. Late 1600s
  Eng. Monarch mid-late 1700s

16
Why was it dangerous to refer to the monarch as a
Tyrant or Tyrannical

• According to John Locke
• Monarchs get authority to rule from the people
• Rulers who act without the consent of the
  governed are by definition acting as tyrants
• People have the right to remove tyrants from
  power and replace them with a government that
  will better meet with their consent
• Since people grant consent to be governed, it is
  the place of monarchs and governments to work on
  the behalf of the people and with their consent
• In shortthe governed people of any nation have
  the right to remove Tyrants from power and
  replace them with another monarch/government

17
Lockes 3 Natural Rights of People

• All People had certain Rights that no person or
  government had to right to remove
• Life!
• Property!
• Liberty!
• Which did he believe was most important?
• Why?

18
Act C Tensions with Colonies Increase!Britain
Seeks to Gain Revenue

• 1766 parliament issues Declaratory Act
• It declares Parliament in fact has the right to
  pass taxes and to make laws on behalf of the 13
  American Colonies
• and all British subjects.
• Charles Townshend insists Britain tax the
  colonists!
• Grenville calls is folly We Dare Not
  
• but Townshend insists and dares to do
  it!!
• 1767 Townshend Act is passed by
  Parliament!
• A. creates taxes on items such as
• glass, paper, paint, lead, tea low
  taxes

19
Britain attempts to drive home its authority!

• Although colonists state Parl. Has no right to
  tax
• Britain persists!
• Assigns new more dedicated customs officials to
  enforce import duties on merchants
• Customs Officials are given Writs of Assistance
  that empowers them to search anywhere for any
  reason
• Customs agents are now empowered to search and
  seize any items believed to be of suspicious
  origins
• Americans respond with outrage! They believed
  such actions were forbidden under British Common
  Law.

20
Colonists Grow More United! Call on others to
unite in anger against the British tyranny!

• Merchants and planters sign non-importation
  agreements
• Sons of Liberty are created and get down to
  business as agents of
• trouble for the British government.
• 3. A key leader is Sam Adams an unlikely
  leader/hero?

21
What actions are taken by the Sons of Liberty
motto was Join or Die

• 1. Have mock hangings of government officials
  hang people in effigy
• 2. Threaten/warn/intimidate British officials of
  possible violence
• 3. Organize and attempt to join colonies in acts
  against British rule.
• Even Worse as things grow more tense!
• 4. Hang British Customs Agents
• Note engraving of
• Customs Agent John Huske prior to
• The American Revolution

22
Daughters of Liberty

• Organize efforts against British Tyranny!
• Actions taken include
• Parade in public against British policies
• Signed petitions against unfair British policies
• Organized women to boycott British made goods
  ex. Fine cloth
• Encouraged women/farmers to raise own sheep,
  prepare own wool, spin own wool, create own
  fabrics, make own clothing and to wear only goods
  made in homes of Americans
• Colonists/women resistant to these were pressured
  to follow suit and work for the common good!

23
Hence the traditional termHome Spun

• Spinning Wheel Colonial Loom
• The efforts of the Daughters of Liberty do make
  an impact on British merchant profits!

24
Writs of Assistance Not Today!

• What do we call a Writ of Assistance today?
• How are they greatly different?

25
Colonial Tensions Increase Act. DViolence In
the Streets of Boston!

• Liberty Trees become centers of town attention.
  Why? Analyze its attraction?
• Consider seasons of the year?
• Consider natural sense of awe?

26
1765 Quartering Act

• What does it do? What is its purpose?
• How do American colonists respond?

27
The Boston Massacre - 1770

• When we think of a massacre
• What do we think? What do we envision?
• When we think of the Boston Massacre in 1770 we
  see
• What does it appear happened?
• 
  What actually happened?
• 
  Who died?
• 
  Lawyer of fame?
• 
  Trial results?

28
Paul Revere truly a crafty patriot

• Silversmith
• Son of Liberty
• a Midnight Rider

29
Victims of the Massacre

• Those who died on the spot included
• Sam Maverick
• Sam Gray
• Jonas Caldwell
• Crispus Attucks believed
  -1st to die
• Patrick Carr died several days later!

30
The LawyerWins his case!

• John Adams
• Brilliant legal mind
• Could be arrogant
• Could be impatient
• Was not well-liked
• Capt. Preston and the others
• are basically found to have
• acted in self-defense
• 1 soldier was branded the
• others acquitted of guilt

31
Group E/Activity E Questions

• Committees of Correspondence
• Keep the fires of discontent stoked
• Keep the colonies informed
• Plan for the future
• How to make even more trouble
• And yet tensions calm
• from 1770 1773 until

32
1773 Parliament passes the Tea Act

• Why To repay a past
• favor to save the British
• East India Tea Co.
• What did it do?
• 1. Grants a monopoly to the
• Brit. East India Tea Co.
• 2. Imposes a small tea tax
• 3. Colonial merchants cut out of the tea trade!
• Results Price of tea goes down overall!

33
American Colonists Respond w/outrage!

• Sons of Liberty again go back to harassing tax
  collectors and customs agents
• Plot and plan acts of revenge!
• Hancock and other merchants are furious!
• Daughters of Liberty promote the idea of
  alternatives to drinking tea etc. etc.

34
Sons of Liberty Bring Trouble!Dec. 16th, 1773
Party Time!

• 3 Ships Eleanor, Dartmouth, Beaver

35
Other Colonies Resist!

• New York
• In Virginia, in Charleston and in other cities
• Refuse to let tea be unloaded
• Refuse to permit ships to dock
• Confine tea to warehouses not to be sold!
• Are these methods of protest used today?
• Why have some people joined the Tea Party?

36
Still Loyal to Britain

• He states that
  all the
• tea the full
  price of
• the destroyed
  tea
• should be
  repaid!

37
Tons of tea DestroyedMillions of dollars worth!

• Lord North British Prime Minister
  Gov. Thomas Hutchinson
• 
  Angered Bostonians prior to
  the Tea Party by insisting
  colonists permit tea be unloaded
• 
  
• 
  
  
  
  
• Warns that Brit. must impose harsh
  After the Tea Party told Britain to
  show
• penalties or the colonies will be lost!
  Strength and not give in to
  colonists

38
Lord North has his way Brit. passes
the Coercive Acts 1774

• Colonists call them the Intolerable Acts
• Boston Port will be closed until all the tea is
  repaid
• Massachusetts legislatures may only meet once per
  year.
• Brit. Officials accused of crimes would now be
  put on trial in Canada or Britain
• 2nd Quartering Act is passed now in private
  homes

39
Group F American Colonists are
Outraged!Bostonians are enraged!

• Britain adds insult to injury passes the
• Quebec Act of 1775 - why ?
• Analyze what it did seems suspicious?
• French Canadians given/gain territory - their
  territory now includes the Ohio Valley
• May keep their own language and laws
• May keep their Roman Catholic faith

40
Quebec Act 1775 Colonists have geographic
concerns

• Brilliant move
• by Britain or mistake?
• Observe the map!

41
First Continental Congress meets

• Location Philadelphia
• Present each colony is represented except
  Georgia
• Lasts 7 weeks
• Brings forward several resolutions!
• Still loyal to Britain
• Seek a peaceful solution
• Petition/appeal to King George III/Parliament
• 1. Our rights are being abused
• 2. Unless respected, will refuse to trade
  w/England
• Agree to meet in 1 year to discuss what further
  to do!

42
Galloway Plan 1775

• A plan to unite the colonies into a grand Council
  w/members from each colony.
• Representatives of the Grand Council
• would serve in Parliament
• Thus gaining representation!
• New Englanders vote the idea down!

43
1st Continental Congress also creates the
Continental Association

• Organization created to keep colonies informed
  and to keep the colonists focused on the goal of
  
• Boycotting British made goods!

44
Massachusetts plans for the worse!

• Create their own civilian militia unit
• The Minutemen who will not back down!

45
Gen. Thomas Gage is placed in charge of Brit.
forces in Mass.

• Sons of Liberty
  
• continue to
  cause
• problems
• Gen. Gage. is given orders that will start a war!

46
Gen. Gage means to bring things under control

• His Orders - To quickly and quietly
• 1. March out to Concord and Lexington
• 2. Seize any weapons that are being stored
• by the Minutemen
• 3. Apprehend John Hancock and Sam Adams on
  charges of Conspiracy and Treason

47
Midnight Riders Give out a warning!

• The 3 Riders
• Paul Revere
• William Dawes
• Samuel Prescott
• Prescott was the only one to
• Escape capture!
• The church
• Old North Church
• The Signal
• 1 if by land and 2 if by sea
• The warning
  The Regulars are coming

48
Gage Encounters the Minutemen!

• Hancock and Adams escape!
• No weapons are captured
• The Minutemen stand
• their ground and
• mean to start trouble

49
The Shot heard round the World

• Date 19th of April, 1775
• Location Lexington Village Green
• Gen. Gage orders Minutemen to go home!
• Capt. Thomas Parker tells his Minutemen
• hold your powder, if they mean to have
• warlet it begin here!
• Gages British soldiers and the Minutemen are
  face to facewhen a shot rings out!

50
8 Die in Lexington the war begins!
51
Gen. Gage is in for trouble!

• Gen. Gage is now in hostile territory and his
  army
• Soldiers are exhausted previous nights forced
  march 20 miles!
• Will be harassed and sniped at most of the way
  back to Boston!
• Gages army suffered 273 casualties!

52
So. War has begun or has it?The Olive Branch
Petition

• Continental Congress
• Declares its loyalty to George III
• Asks him to repeal the
• Intolerable Acts
• George III responds
• Accuses the colonists of trying to
• start their own independent empire!
• Vows to bring the rebels to justice!!!
• Sends 20,000 soldiers to America!!!

53
Rebels Take Ticonderoga!

• Key Players The Green Mountain Boys led by
• Benedict Arnold Ethan Allen Come
  out you rat!
• Significance 1. Forts location- gave it
  control of lake Champlain?
• 2. Americans got 43
  cannons and 16 mortars
• A great victory well, what the books rarely
  tell you is

54
2nd Continental CongressAppoints A Commander of
the Continental Army

• George Washington
• There is a back story sp listen up!
• Legend has it that he wasreluctant?
• Yet, he came to Congress for weeks in
• his French and Indian War uniform
• John Adams loses a friend?
• Why Washington?
• Experience?
• Geography?

55
The Continental Armyoh boy

• Sounds grand but it was a disaster How/Why?
• It lacked qualified leaders, was poorly trained,
  supplied, fed, armed, was disorganized, had
  temporary enlistments