Ukraine during the World War II.

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Ukraine during the World War II.

• Plan
• 1. The Second World War in Ukraine.
• 2. Ukrainians under the fascist occupation.
  Movement of Opposition.
• 3. Return of the soviet power to Ukraine.

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The Second World War

• World War II, or the Second World War, was a
  global military conflict which involved a
  majority of the world's nations.
• There were two opposing military alliances the
  Allies and the Axis.
• The starting date of the war is generally held to
  be September 1939 with the German invasion of
  Poland
• The war involved the mobilization of over 100
  million military personnel.

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• Over 70 million people, the majority of them
  civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest
  conflict in human history.
• The Soviet Union and the United States emerged
  from the war as the world's leading superpowers.
• This set the stage for the Cold War, which lasted
  for the next 45 years.
• The United Nations was formed in the hope of
  preventing another such conflict.

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SECOND WORLD WAR IN UKRAINE

• Second World War for Ukraine actually started on
  September 1 1939, when Germans attacked Poland,
• The most cruel and tragic stage of the war began
  with the attack of Germany on the USSR on June 22
  1941 and continued till the autumn of 1944, when
  German forces were turned out from Ukraine.
• Having guarantee of neutrality of the Soviet
  Union Hitler attacked Poland, initiating the
  start of the Second World War.

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• On September 17 1939 the Soviet army went to
  eastern Poland and occupied almost all territory,
  settled by Ukrainians and Belorusians.
• In June 1940 the USSR forced Rumania to give back
  Bessarabiya and Bukovyna
• Punitive bodies of the USSR arrested and deported
  Ukrainian political leaders to the East of
  Russia.
• From 20 to 30 thousand Ukrainian activists run
  away to Poland, occupied by the Germans.

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• At the beginning many representatives of
  intelligence were impressed, as they received job
  in soviet educational and cultural
  establishments, but they quickly understood, that
  became strictly controlled by organization men of
  regime, and in case of violation of directions
  arose threaten of arrest and deportation
• In the spring of 1940 the regime opened the mask
  of democracy and began wile-ranging repressions
  as against the Ukrainians, as against Poles.
• The most popular and awful their type was
  deportation to Siberia and Kazakhstan, where
  people died by the whole families.

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Khreshchatyk, the main street of Kiev, after
German bombardment
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Map of the World with the Participants in World
War II. The western allies are shown in blue, the
eastern allies in red, the Axis powers in black
and the neutral countries in grey.
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Ukrainians under the fascist occupation. Movement
of Opposition

• In 1939 about 550 thousand of Ukrainians from
  Lemkivshina and Holemshina turned out in German
  occupation zone in the eastern remote area of
  Poland
• Zacarpathian with 550 thousand Ukrainians formed
  a part of Hungary.
• Soon after coming of Germans, in Ukraine appeared
  the national movement of opposition.
• There also existed underground organizational
  system of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
  (OUN)

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• Partisans were mainly collected in northern west
  part of the country in the forests of Volyn,
  bogs of Polissya and Carpathians.
• In the beginning of 1944 on the occupied lands of
  Ukraine in general 47 thousand 800 people in the
  form of partisan detachments and struggled with
  fascist conquers.
• In 1942 members of different branches of
  Organization of Ukrainian nationalists (OUN)
  created small elements in Volyn.
• Ukrainian revolt army (URA) quickly grew in the
  big, well-organized partisan army, which took
  control under the significant parts of Volyn,
  Polissya and finally Galychyna.

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Execution of partisans, somewhere in the Soviet
Union, September, 1941
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Partisans take on the village to drive away a
German punitive expedition.
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Return of the soviet power to Ukraine

• The decisive crisis arose in the war in 1943 the
  soviet army began the counter-offensive, the main
  purpose of which was in liberation of the
  left-bank Ukraine.
• During the end of the summer-autumn of 1943 the
  soviet army occupied left-bank and Donbas.
• On August 23 in result of desperate fight Kharkiv
  was liberated. In September-October the Red army
  broke powerful line of German defense at the
  Dnieper and on November 6 entered to Kyiv.

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• In January 1944 after the short stop almost 2,3
  million of Red army began clearing from Germans
  right-bank and Crimea.
• In September they crossed the Carpathians and
  till the October 1944 all ethnic Ukrainian
  territory appeared in soviet hands.
• Second World War took the lives at least 5,3
  million Ukrainians, or one from every six citizen
  of Ukraine died in the struggle.
• 2,3 million Ukrainians were taken out from the
  forced labor in Germany.

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• Completely or partly it were destroyed over 700
  big and small cities and 28 thousand villages, in
  result of what 10 million people became homeless.
  
• As the war caused in Ukraine more damage, than in
  any country in Europe, losses in the economy
  gained huge measures.
• It was estimated, that Ukraine lost over 40
  percent of its economy.

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References

• 1. Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine A History. Toronto
  University of Toronto Press (1988).
• 2. Andrew Wilson. The Ukrainians Unexpected
  Nation. Yale University Press 2nd edition
  (2002).
• 3. Anna Reid. Borderland A Journey Through the
  History of Ukraine. London, Orion Books 4th
  impression (1998, preface 2003).
• 4. Paul Robert Magocsi. A History of Ukraine.
  Toronto University of Toronto Press (1996).
• 5. Mykhailo Hrushevsky. History of Ukraine-Rus
  in 9 volumes.