Acids and Bases Notes

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Acids and Bases Notes

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I. Strength of Acids and Bases

• A. Bases
• Strong Bases metal hydroxides of Group I and II
  metals (except Be) that are soluble in water and
  dissociate (separates into ions) completely in
  dilute aqueous solutions
• Weak Bases a molecular substance that ionizes
  only slightly in water to produce an alkaline
  (basic) solution (ex. NH3)

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My uncle was a chemist, a chemist he's no more
for what he thought was H 2 O was H 2 S O 4.
(Ha Ha)

• B. Acids
• Strong Acids an acid that ionizes (separates
  into ions) completely or very nearly completely
  in aqueous solutions (will not be on Ka chart).
• Weak Acids an acid that ionizes only slightly
  in dilute aqueous solutions (will be on the Ka
  chart).
•  

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Why do white bears dissolve in water? Because
they're polar.

• 1. Binary or hydrohalic acids HF, HCl, HBr,
  HI, etc. hydro____ic acid are usually strong
  acids
• HF and H2S are weak hydrohalic acid. Although
  the H-F bond is very polar, the bond is so strong
  (due to the small F atom) that the acid does not
  completely ionize.

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Acids

• Have a sour taste.

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Acids

• Turn blue litmus red.
• Turn methyl orange red.

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Acids

• Will react with
• some metals to produce a salt and H2.
• metal oxides to produce a salt and H2O.
• metal carbonates to produce a salt, H2O, and CO2.
• bases to produce a salt and H2O.
• Mg 2HCl ? MgCl2 H2
• MgO 2HCl ? MgCl2 H2O
• MgCO3 2HCl ? MgCl2 H2O CO2
• Mg(OH)2 2HCl ? MgCl2 2H2O

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Acids

• Are electrolytes.
• Conduct an electric current when dissolved.

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Bases

• Have a bitter taste.

Coffee itself is acidic, but it contains an
alkaline compound caffeine which contributes
to its bitter taste.
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Bases

• Feel slimy or slippery to the touch.

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Bases

• Turn red litmus blue.
• Turn methyl orange yellow.
• Turn phenolphthalein pink.

Litmus pH scale.
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Bases

• React with acids to produce salt and H2O.
• HCl NaOH ? NaCl H2O

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Bases

• Are electrolytes.