Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

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Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

• Roxanne Riedy, MSN
• Marilee Elias, MSN

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Health and Wellness Promotion

• Health
• Illness
• Wellness

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Health Promotion

• Whats the motivation?
• R/T Individual lifestyle
• What are the choices?

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Vs. Health Protection

• How does the motivation differ?
• R/T Individual lifestyle
• Why make the choice to change?

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Health Promotion Models

• The Health-illness Continuum
• Dunns Health Grid
• Neumans Continuum
• Penders Health Promotion
• Wheel of Wellness
• Transtheoretical Model of Change

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Dimensions of Health Along Health and Illness
Continuum

• Biological factors
• Nutrition
• Physical activity
• Sleep and rest
• Meaningful work

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Dimensions of Health Along Health and Illness
Continuum (continued)

• Lifestyle choices
• Family relationships
• Culture
• Religion and spirituality
• Environmental factors
• Finances

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The term Health refers to?

• Physical Status
• Emotional Well-being
• Interpersonal Relationships
• Intellectual function
• Spiritual condition
• Sexuality

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Health is influenced by?

• Patients Belief System
• Attitudes toward control of health
• Well revisit locus of control
• Cultural Influences
• Lifestyle behaviors
• And of course the influence of Family

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Illness Perspectives

• Illness results from injury and/or disease
• Inability to meet ones needs
• Acute Illness vs.
• Chronic Illness vs.
• Acute/Chronic Combo?

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Wellness Perspectives

• Continuum of Health
• Optimal Health to
• Maladaptive Health
• Whats High-level Wellness?

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Health Behaviors

• Variables of Influence
• Lifestyle
• Locus of Control
• Self-efficacy
• Beliefs attitudes about Healthcare
• Self-concept

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Variables Influencing Health Beliefs and Practices

• Internal Factors
• Developmental stage
• Intellect
• Emotion
• Spiritual
• Physical

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More Variables

• External Factors
• Family
• Socioeconomic
• Culture Ethnicity
• Environmental

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Biological Risk Factors

• Genetics
• Gender
• Age
• Developmental Stage

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Other Risk Factors

• Environmental
• Lifestyle

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Other Dimensions of Health Factors

• Nutrition
• Physical Activity
• Sleep and Rest
• Meaningful Work
• Vulnerable Populations

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Health Promotion

• Activities to improve health well-being
• What are we aiming for?
• Patient Empowerment
• Good Decision Making
• Lifestyles Activities

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Health Promotion Programs

• Disseminating Information
• Changing Lifestyles Behaviors
• Environmental Control
• Wellness Assessments
• Health Risk Appraisals
• Remember nurses are A.T.A.T.T.
• (All Teaching All the Time)

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Health Promotion and Vulnerable Populations

• Age
• Chronic disease
• History of abuse/trauma
• Limited economic resources
• Limited social resources

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Health Protection Activities

• Prevent accidents
• Occupational Safety Health
• Ensuring the Safety of Food Drugs
• Environmental Strategies

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Disease Prevention Activities

• Continuum of Disease
• Prevent the Disease
• Limit the Course of the Disease
• Levels of Prevention
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary

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Health Promotion

• Motivated by the desire to increase well-being
• Related to individual lifestyle choices
• Healthy People 2020
• National initiative
• Addresses the effect of lifestyle on health
• Created health improvement goals
• Eliminate health disparities

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Healthy People Initiatives

• Were in the 4th decade of this national health
  framework for public health preventions
  priorities and actions.
• The overarching goals and focus topic areas are
  refocused every 10 years using the input from
  public health and prevention experts, government
  officials and the public.

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Healthy People 2020

• The launch of Healthy People comes at a critical
  time. Our challenge and opportunity is to avoid
  preventable diseases from occurring in the first
  place. HHS Secretary Katherine Sebelius
• Use of IT to make Healthy People come alive
  through a challenge to develop
  myHealthyPeople apps. (www.healthypeople.gov ) 
• Revision of Healthy People 2010

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Healthy People 2020

• Updated with New Topic Areas
• Main (or broad) goals of this plan
• increase healthy life expectancy
• reduce health care disparities
• create social and physical environments that
  promote good health for all
• Promote quality of life, healthy development, and
  healthy behaviors across all life stages

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New Topic Areas 2020

• Adolescent Health Genomics
• Blood Disorders Blood Safety Global Health
• Early and Middle Childhood Preparedness
• Dementias, including Alzheimers Disease
• Healthcare-Associated Infections
• Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being
• Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health
• Sleep Health
• Social Determinants of Health

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Whats in Healthy People 2020?(www.healthypeople.
gov)
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Next Class

• Teaching Project Presentations
• Holistic View of Health

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Holistic View of Health

• Holism focus is relationships between all living
  things
• The individual as a holistic being
• Each person is unique
• Basic human needs are integrated
• Mind, body and spirit
• Health is balance, integration and harmony in life

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Holistic View of Health

• Basic human needs
• Physiological
• Psychological
• Sociocultural
• Intellectual
• Spiritual

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Physiological Dimension

• Focus is achievement of basic needs
• Oxygenation
• Circulation
• Sleep comfort
• Nutrition
• ELimination

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Psychological Dimension

• Focus is achievement of
• Positive self-esteem and security
• Trusting relationships
• Appropriate social skills
• Coping skills

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Sociocultural Dimension

• Focus is achievement of
• Client needs
• Both dependence and independence
• Client Empowerment
• Enabling the client to do for themselves

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Intellectual Dimension

• Focus is achievement of Cognitive Functions
• Judgment
• Orientation
• Memory
• Ability to process information
• Factors that impair cognitive functions

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Spiritual Dimension

• Spirituality is each individuals relationship
  with
• Self
• Others
• Higher Power
• Assists each person in determining their sense of
  meaning or purpose in life

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Health Screening Activities

• Secondary Level of Prevention
• Lifespan considerations
• Screenings throughout the Lifespan
• Cultural Considerations

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Nursing Assessments for Health Promotion

• Health History/physical exam
• Physical Fitness
• Lifestyle and risk appraisal
• Life-stress review
• Nutritional Assessment
• Other health screenings

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Nurses Role in Health Promotion

• Role Model
• Counselor
• Health Education
• Motivation
• Provide Support for lifestyle changes