Chapter 8 Growing Tensions

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Chapter 8Growing Tensions

• With the number of new American settlers moving
  into Texas, things are getting tense. Students
  should be able to recognize the reasons for the
  tensions between the Mexican Government and the
  new Texans (mostly former Americans) that
  eventually lead to the Texas Revolution.
• The key events to focus on
• Constitution of 1824
• Fredonian Rebellion
• Meir y Terans Report
• Law of April 6, 1830
• Affair at Anahuac
• Arrest and Imprisonment of Stephen F. Austin

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• THE CONSTITUTION OF 1824
• Written by the Federalist government
• Divided Mexico into 19 states and 4 territories
• Combined Coahuila and Tejas as one
  state---Coahuila y Tejas.
• Texas could become a single Mexican state after
  its population grew large enough
• Out of the 12 members of the state legislature
  that met in Saltillo, Texas could have only 1
• Federalists mostly left the American settlers in
  Texas alone

Federalists power should be shared between the
states and the national government
POWER
POWER
POWER
Mexico City
Ch. 7 Review
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Mexico Constitution of 1824

• In the new constitution, the republic took the
  name of United Mexican States, and was defined as
  a representative federal republic
• Federal Republic A federation of states in
  which affairs of state are a "public matter" not
  the private concern of the rulers in which public
  offices are subsequently appointed or elected
  rather than privately accommodated.
• POWER OF THE PEOPLE, FOR THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE

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• Texas Settlements Grow in Early 1820s
• While Federalists are in power in Mexico, the
  colonists are left alone--
• As a result
• Trade expands
• Population grows
• Farms and Plantations thrive
• Schools
• Newspapers
• Slaves

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Chapter 8 Section 1 The Difficulties Begin
(1826-1830)

• Republic of Fredonia
• Mier y Teran
• Law of April 6, 1830

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• Fredonian Revolt
• 1825 - Haden Edwards was awarded a large piece of
  land as an empresario --
• He was allowed to settle 800 families near
  Nacogdoches
• When Edwards arrived at his land (in September)
  he discovered that there were already people
  living there (many had been there for
  generations)
• MINE! No, its MINE!!
• The Political chief in the area sided with the
  settlers (against Edwards)
• Edwards brother, Benjamin, thought the only way
  to solve the problem was to declare his colony
  independent from Mexico so both he AND his
  brother did! Ack!

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So . . .

• The brothers got 15 -30 armed settlers and
  took the Old Stone Fort (Dec. 16)
• They raised a red and white flag that said,
  Independence, Liberty and Justice
• Called it the Republic of Fredonia
• - The Mexican government (with the help of
  Stephen F. Austin) sent troops to Nacogdoches to
  stop the revolt. (January)
• - Some Fredonians were captured but most of them
  ran across the Sabine River (border) into the
  United States the revolt was over.

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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
1 -Fredonian Revolt December 16, 1826 Haden Edwards Benjamin Edwards 15-30 Armed settlers Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Revolted against Mexican government And created republic, Mexican army responds and revolt collapses
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Effects of the Fredonian Revolt

• The Mexican government wanted to know what the
  heck was going on in Texas so the sent General
  Mier y Teran to investigate.
• Teran told the Mexican government that Texans
  outnumbered Mexicans in East Texas at least 5 to
  1.
• Worried about the growing American influence in
  Texas.
• He also told the government that if they didnt
  do something that Texas would be lost forever.

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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
1 -Fredonian Revolt December 16, 1826 Haden Edwards Benjamin Edwards 15-30 Armed settlers Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Revolted against Mexican government And created republic, Mexican army responds and revolt collapses
2 Mier y Teran Report 1828 Inspection party led by General Manuel de Mier y Teran Sent to East Texas Found Anglos outnumbered Mexicans 5 to 1. Recommended Mexico act or Texas would be lost forever
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CENTRALISTS CAME INTO POWER IN 1829

• LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830
• Stopped all immigration from the UNITED STATES
• Issued a decree (law) abolishing slavery in
  Mexico (including Texas)
• Suspended empresario contracts
• Encouraged immigration from MEXICO AND EUROPE
• Placed customs duties (taxes) on goods made in
  foreign countries (the United States)
• Texans DID NOT like the new laws the Centralists
  were putting in place.
• THEY SAID IT VIOLATED THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
  (The Constitution of 1824)

Centralists power should be concentrated in the
central government of Mexico City
POWER
POWER
POWER
Mexico City
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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
1 -Fredonian Revolt December 16, 1826 Haden Edwards Benjamin Edwards 15-30 Armed settlers Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Revolted against Mexican government And created republic, Mexican army responds and revolt collapses
2 Mier y Teran Report 1828 Inspection party led by General Manuel de Mier y Teran Sent to East Texas Found Anglos outnumbered Mexicans 5 to 1 Recommended Mexico act or Texas would be Lost Forever
3 -Law of April 6, 1830 April 6, 1830 Mexican Government Texas Settlers Texas/Mexico Stops US immigration, Suspended empresario Contracts, Encourages Mexican and European settlement, set up forts, Discouraged foreign (US) trade
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Chapter 8 Section 2 Rebellions!!!!! 1831-1832

• Anahuac protest
• Turtle Bayou Resolutions
• Conventions of 1832 and 1833

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1st Anahuac Conflict Anahuac was a port where the
Mexicans would collect taxes on imported
goods The taxes were meant to raise money for
Mexico and to encourage INTERNAL trade within
Mexico (and not always with the US) Juan (John)
Bradburn was the Mexican commander at
Anahuac Bradburn did not always treat the Texans
well they had several disagreements Finally, in
May 1832, after Bradburn arrested William B.
Travis and Patrick Jack for interfering with his
efforts to enforce the laws, the settlers had had
it The Texans demanded Travis and Jacks
release when Bradburn refused, there was a small
battle (skirmish)
The colonists realized they needed more
fire-power so they sent one of the settlers (JOHN
Austin) to get a cannon from Brazoria While he
was gone
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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
1 -Fredonian Revolt December 16, 1826 Haden Edwards Benjamin Edwards 15-30 Armed settlers Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Revolted against Mexican government And created republic, Mexican army responds and revolt collapses
2 Mier y Teran Report 1828 Inspection party led by General Manuel de Mier y Teran Sent to East Texas Found Anglos outnumbered Mexicans 5 to 1 Recommended Mexico act or Texas would be Lost Forever
3 -Law of April 6, 1830 April 6, 1830 Mexican Government Texas Settlers Texas/Mexico Stops US immigration, Suspended contracts Encourages European settlement, set up forts, Discouraged foreign trade
4. Anahuac May 1832 Bradburn-colonist Anahuac Bradburn arrests Travis and Jack, 160 settlers marched to Anahuac. Bradburn agreed to release prisoners if settlers retreated, but did not release prisoners
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Turtle Bayou Resolutions (June 13, 1832)

• The Texans said they were still loyal citizens
  of Mexico (they were NOT rebelling against
  Mexican authority)
• Supported Santa Annas revolt against the
  Centralists in Mexico (President Bustamante)
  because they were ignoring the Constitution of
  1824
• Santa Anna had said that HE supported the
  Constitution of 1824

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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
1 -Fredonian Revolt December 16, 1826 Haden Edwards Benjamin Edwards 15-30 Armed settlers Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Revolted against Mexican government And created republic, Mexican army responds and revolt collapses
2 Mier y Teran Report 1828 Inspection party led by General Manuel de Mier y Teran Sent to East Texas Found Anglos outnumbered Mexicans 5 to 1 Recommended Mexico act or Texas would be Lost Forever
3 -Law of April 6, 1830 April 6, 1830 Mexican Government Texas Settlers Texas/Mexico Stops US immigration, Suspended contracts Encourages European settlement, set up forts, Discouraged foreign trade
4. Anahuac May 1832 Bradburn-colonist Anahuac Bradburn arrests Travis and Jack, 160 settlers marched To Anahuac, Bradburn agreed to release prisoners if settlers retreated, but did not release prisoners
5 Turtle Bayou Resolutions June 13, 1832 Settlers and Mexican Government Mexico Texas Anahuac (Turtle Bayou) Declared loyalty to Mexico and support for Santa Anna
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While the colonists at Turtle Bayou (Anahuac)
were making nice John Austin (the guy who went
to get the cannon was having problems getting the
cannon through the port at Velasco (a different
port on the TX coast) Colonel Ugartechea (the
Mexican commander at Velasco) thought they were
rebels ? and wouldnt let them through the port.
Fighting followed and there were casualties on
both sides. Eventually, the Mexicans ran out of
ammunition and surrendered. John Austin made it
back to Anahuac (Turtle Bayou) with the cannon
only to find out that Travis and Jack had already
been set free! Oh well.
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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
1 -Fredonian Revolt December 16, 1826 Haden Edwards Benjamin Edwards 15-30 Armed settlers Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Revolted against Mexican government And created republic, Mexican army responds and revolt collapses
2 Mier y Teran Report 1828 Inspection party led by General Manuel de Mier y Teran Sent to East Texas Found Anglos outnumbered Mexicans 5 to 1 Recommended Mexico act or Texas would be Lost Forever
3 -Law of April 6, 1830 April 6, 1830 Mexican Government Texas Settlers Texas/Mexico Stops US immigration, Suspended contracts Encourages European settlement, set up forts, Discouraged foreign trade
4. Anahuac May 1832 Bradburn-colonist Anahuac Bradburn arrests Travis and Jack, 160 settlers marched To Anahuac, Bradburn agreed to release prisoners if settlers retreated, but did not release prisoners
5 Turtle Bayou Resolutions June 13, 1832 Settlers and Mexican Government Mexico Texas Anahuac (Turtle Bayou) Declared loyalty to Mexico and support for Santa Anna
6 - Battle of Velasco June 26, 1832 Col. Domingo de Urgartechea- Mexican Leader John Austin- Texan Leader Velasco Mexico surrendered Texians won
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I am a Federalist. NO, I am a Centralist
Finally in 1833, Santa Anna became president of
Mexico most Texans were happy because he had
declared himself to be a FEDERALIST he had
promised to support the Constitution of 1824
which is what the Texans wanted
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• CONVENTIONS OF 1832 (October 1)
• A meeting or formal assembly, as of
  representatives or delegates, for discussion of
  and action on particular matters of common
  concern
• Stephen F. Austin was elected president of these
  conventions
• Some guy named Sam Houston shows up at the second
  one
• Discussed 5 major issues
• Texas should be made a separate state (no more
  Coahuila!)
• Immigration from the U.S. should be allowed again
• Texans be exempt from certain import taxes
• They would receive better educational facilities
• Better protection from the Native Americans

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Convention of 1833 (April 1)

• Adopted similar resolutions to those of the
  Convention of 1832.
• However, this convention also prepared a
  constitution for the proposed Mexican state of
  Texas.

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WHOS GOING TO TELL SANTA ANNA?
The delegates decided to send Stephen F. Austin
to Mexico to present their resolutions to Mexico
City He left right after the convention, in April
1833
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EVENT WHEN? WHO? WHERE? WHAT?
7 - Convention of 1832 October 1, 1832 58 delegates San Felipe Colonist request Texas a separate Mexican state, immigration be allowed, Resolutions were drawn, but not presented
8 . Convention of 1833 April 1, 1833 Delegates (Included Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston) San Felipe Adopted resolutions. Wrote Constitution. Austin took this to Mexico City
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Chapter 8 Section 3 Increased Tensions 1833-1835

• Cholera epidemic
• Stephen F. Austin imprisoned
• General Cos
• Consultation of 1835

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Cholera Epidemic in Mexico City
In July 1833, Austin arrives in Mexico City as a
cholera epidemic is sweeping through the
city Austins meeting with Santa Anna is delayed
because Santa Anna had left Mexico City he did
not want to be in the city while so many people
were dying of cholera
Austin gets frustrated (he had been waiting for 3
months) and writes a letter to the delegates in
San Antonio telling them to go ahead and form
their own government In November, Santa Anna
finally meets with Austin and agrees to some of
the resolutions mainly doing away with the law
restricting immigration
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• Cholera is an infection of the small intestine
  caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main
  symptoms are watery diarrhea and vomiting.
  Transmission occurs primarily by drinking water
  or eating food that has been contaminated by the
  feces (waste product) of an infected person

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Austin gets thrown in prison

• Austin leaves Mexico City in December 1833 to
  head back to Texas
• In the meanwhile, the Mexican authorities in
  Saltillo had read Austins letter to the
  delegates in Texas they werent too happy
• Austin is arrested in January 1834 and sent BACK
  to Mexico City
• Texans were appalled they asked for Austins
  release

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• After being imprisoned for 1 ½ years, Austin was
  finally given his freedom in July of 1835
• he got back to Texas that September
• over 2 years since leaving!!!

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While Austin was in Prison

• The cholera epidemic also killed colonists
  including 8 members of Austins family
• In the Fall of 1833, malaria also hit the
  colonists due to heavy rains in East Texas
• 1834 was better because reforms Santa Anna
  promised began
• English became official language
• Immigrants from U.S. were allowed in
• Improved courts
• Increased number of Texas representatives in the
  state legislature of Coahuila
• Religious tolerance was granted

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• In early 1835, trouble began again in Anahuac!
• The Texans were complaining about how the taxes
  at Anahuac were being collected unfairly. Several
  Texans were thrown in jail. ANOTHER battle was
  started and the Mexican official at Anahuac was
  forced to surrender and leave Texas!
• Some Texans disagreed with what the Texans
  had done and wrote a letter
  of apology to General
  Martin Perfecto de Cos,
  Santa Annas brother-in-law and
  commander of
  the Mexican forces in Coahuila.
• Apology NOT accepted!
• He arrested the offending Texans (including
  Lorenzo de Zavala)
• Oh yeah BTW Santa Anna has become an evil
  Centralist

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Consultation of 1835
August 15, 1835, leaders in the town of Columbia
issued a call for a convention so people could
discuss the situation with Cos and Santa
Anna. This convention was known as the
CONSULTATION and was held at Washington-on-the-Bra
zos on October 15. Colonists had mixed opinions
--
War Party Thought Santa Anna had become a
dictator (not good) and war was their only option
Peace Party Thought war should be avoided at all
costs and war should be avoided at all costs
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War is our only recourse. There is not other
remedy. We must defend our rights, ourselves,
and our country by force of arms.
Stephen F. Austin