All About Bacteria

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All About Bacteria
And More
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Important Facts On Bacteria

• Are prokaryotesthey do NOT have a nucleus
• Have a cell wall
• Have genetic material (DNA and RNA)
• Two types
• Archaebacteriado not need oxygen to live
• Eubacteriado need oxygen to live

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Parts of Bacteria

• Cell Membranecontrols what enters and leaves the
  cell

• Nucleic AcidsDNA and RNA give instructions to
  the cell

• Cell Wallprotects and supports the cell

• Ribosomesproduce proteins

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More Bacteria Structures

• Flagellumlong whiplike structure that extends
  from the cell membrane enabling the bacteria to
  move

• Endosporesmall, round, thick-walled, resting
  cell that forms inside a bacterial cell when
  conditions are not favorable.
• Can allow bacteria to live for many years in
  extreme conditions
• Once the conditions are good again, the endospore
  opens up and the bacteria can start multiplying
  again

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Draw, color, label the Bacterial Cell on pg. 64
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Archaea

• Once thought to be a primitive life form found
  only in the beginning of time.

• Now found in extreme environments such as hot
  springs and deep ocean trenches where there is no
  oxygen found.

Terms Associated with Archaea

• Anaerobicnot needing oxygen to gain energy (some
  bacteria)
• Aerobicneeding oxygen to gain energy (some
  bacteria and most other organisms)

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Eubacteria Cell Shapes

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Reproduction

• Binary Fission
• Conjugation
• Spore Formation

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Reproduction

• Sexual
• Involves two parents who combine the genetic
  material to produce offspring
• CONJUGATIONwhen bacteria pass genetic material
  through a thin, threadlike bridge that joins the
  two cells

• Asexual
• Has only one parent and produces offspring who
  are identically identical to the parent
• BINARY FISSION
• Involves one parent who divides to form two
  identical cells

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Cellular organism copies its genetic information
then splits into two identical daughter cells
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Spore Formation Endospore

• A type of dormant cell
• Exhibit no signs of life
• Highly resistant to environmental stresses such
  as
• -High temperatures
• -Irradiation
• -Strong acids
• -Disinfectants
• Endospores are formed by vegetative cells in
  response to environmental signals that indicate a
  limiting factor for vegetative growth, such as
  exhaustion of an essential nutrient.

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Louis Pasteur

• Around 1888 - Pasteurization process to kill
  germs and prevent disease was invented.
• Process includes heating milk at 161 degrees F
  for 15 seconds,
• inactivating or killing organisms.

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Alexander Fleming Discovers Penicillin

• 1928 discovered by accident that penicillin
  would destroy Staphylococcus
• A decade later two scientists isolated the active
  ingredient and developed a powdery form of the
  medicine to use in treating bacterial infections
  during WWII.

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Questions

• True or False
• Bacteria are prokaryotes.
• Bacteria do not have a cell wall.
• Bacteria have genetic material contained within a
  nucleus.
• Many bacteria do not need oxygen to live.

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More Questions

• What is the function of

• the cell wall?

A To protect and support the cell.

• the cell membrane?

A To control what enters and exits a cell.

• the nucleic acids?

A To direct the functions of the cell.
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Even More Questions

• What are archaea?

A Small, primitive life forms thought to be
extinct.

• What makes them special?

A They are found in many places even though once
thought to be extinct.

• Where are archaea often found?

A Extreme environments such as hot springs and
deep ocean trenches.

• What is the difference between aerobic and
  anaerobic respiration?

A Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, and
anaerobic does not.
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Even More Questions

• Who discovered penicillin?
• A. Alexander Fleming
• Why was this discovery important?
• Prevent the decay of the body or infection from
  germs while operating. Prevented many soldiers
  from having war wounds becoming infected

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Critical Thinking

• How are bacteria helpful in general?

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Helpful Bacteria

• Production of fuel, food, and medications. 
• Environmental recycling and clean-up (eat oil
  spills or gasoline leaks).
• Methane (20 of natural gas deposit) is produced
  by bacteria that live in oxygen-free environments
  (swamps and lakes). 
• Bacteria that grow in milk produce cheese, sour
  cream, and yogurt.
• Some bacteria are decomposers. 
• Prevent other harmful bacteria from growing and
  they help humans digest their food.

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What are some ways that bacteria could possibly
help us in the future?
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Photosynthetic bacteria can capture sunlight
energy at rates 100 times or more greater than
plants, and they do not compete for arable land,"
Rittmann said. This high rate of energy capture
means that renewable biofuels can be generated in
quantities that rival our current use of fossil
fuels.